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VE 11. AYETLER ARASI Nedir? • Ebrar Medya","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"

EBU\u2019L A\u2019L\u00c2 MEVDUD\u0130\u2019N\u0130N BAKI\u015e A\u00c7ISIYLA N\u0130SA SURES\u0130 5. VE 11. AYETLER ARASI<\/a><\/blockquote><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/MEVDUD\u0130-TASLAK-24.jpg","thumbnail_width":730,"thumbnail_height":360,"description":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130MHamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun.5- Allah'\u0131n sizin i\u00e7in (kendileriyle hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131) kaim (ge\u00e7iminizi sa\u011flamaya destekleyici bir ara\u00e7) k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ak\u0131ll\u0131lara vermeyin; bunlarla onlar\u0131 r\u0131z\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131p giydirin ve onlara g\u00fczel (maruf) s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin.(8)6- Yetimleri, nik\u00e2ha eri\u015fecekleri \u00e7a\u011fa kadar deneyin;(9) \u015fayet kendilerinde bir (r\u00fc\u015fd) olgunla\u015fma g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc, hemen onlara mallar\u0131n\u0131 verin.(10) B\u00fcy\u00fcyecekler diye israf ile \u00e7ar\u00e7abuk yemeyin. Zengin olan iffetli olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, yoksul olan da art\u0131k maruf (ihtiyaca ve \u00f6rfe uygun) bir \u015fekilde yesin.(11) Mallar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine verdi\u011finiz zaman, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahid bulundurun. Hesap g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc olarak Allah yeter.7- Anne ve baba ile akrabalar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131ndan erkekler i\u00e7in bir pay vard\u0131r;(12) anne ve baba ile akraban\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de bir pay vard\u0131r. Bunun az\u0131ndan ve \u00e7o\u011fundan farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir pay vard\u0131r.A\u00c7IKLAMA8. Bu ayetin anlam\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fa, hayat\u0131n devam ettirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok gerekli olan servetin, hi\u00e7 bir zaman beyinsizlere ve onu do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst kullanmay\u0131 ba\u015faramayacak ehil olmayan ki\u015filere verilmemesi gerekti\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr ki\u015filerin serveti israf ederek toplumun ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sistemini, uzun d\u00f6nemde de ahl\u00e2k\u00ee d\u00fczenini bozabilece\u011fi \u00f6\u011fretilmektedir. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 mutlaka korunmal\u0131d\u0131r, fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda ki\u015finin onu istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zca kullan\u0131p, toplumu ifsad etmesine de izin verilmemelidir. Bir ki\u015finin hayat\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 da s\u00f6zkonusu oldu\u011funda bunlar kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat ki\u015finin bu hakk\u0131 zorlayarak, toplumunun ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve ekonomik d\u00fczenini bozacak kadar ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesine izin verilmemelidir. Bu ayete g\u00f6re, her servet sahibi kendi servetini birine emanet etmeden \u00f6nce o ki\u015finin ehil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat etmelidir. Daha geni\u015f planda ise \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti, kendi servetlerini kullanmaya ehil olmayanlar\u0131n veya k\u00f6t\u00fc yollarda kullananlar\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u015fart\u0131yla, onlar\u0131n servetlerinin idaresini ele alabilir.9. Yani, \"Onlar olgunlu\u011fa yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, onlar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zetin ve kendi i\u015flerini yapabilecek seviyeye gelip gelmediklerini s\u0131nay\u0131n.\"10. Yetimlere mallar\u0131n\u0131 geri verebilmek i\u00e7in iki \u015fart ko\u015fulmu\u015ftur: Olgunluk ve ehil olma. Birinci \u015fart\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131k\u0131h alimleri fikir birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedirler, fakat ikinci \u015fart hakk\u0131nda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. \u0130mam Ebu Hanife'ye g\u00f6re, yetim olgunluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fti\u011finde, e\u011fer velisi onda ehil olma (ak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131k) \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00f6rmezse en fazla yedi y\u0131l bekleyebilir. Bu yedi y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda yetimde ehil olma \u015fart\u0131 yerine gelsin gelmesin, mal\u0131n\u0131 ona teslim etmek zorundad\u0131r. Fakat \u0130mam Ebu Yusuf, \u0130mam Muhammed ve \u0130mam \u015eaf\u00ee\u00ee, ehil olman\u0131n yetimin mal\u0131n\u0131 geri verebilmek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6n-ko\u015ful oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Bu son zikretti\u011fimiz alimler, b\u00f6yle bir kimse i\u00e7in Kad\u0131'ya gidilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve mal\u0131n\u0131, servetinin idaresini Kad\u0131'n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler.11. Yani, \"Hizmetleri i\u00e7in yetimin mal\u0131ndan, herkes taraf\u0131ndan adil kabul edilen bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde harcamal\u0131d\u0131r ve bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131p hesab\u0131n\u0131 da tutmal\u0131d\u0131r.\"12. Bu ayet miras hakk\u0131nda be\u015f d\u00fczenlemeyi i\u00e7erir: Birincisi, hem kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hem de erkeklerin mirasta bir haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, az olsun \u00e7ok olsun miras b\u00fct\u00fcn varisler aras\u0131nda paylal\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. O kadar ki, e\u011fer \u00f6len ki\u015fi bir miktar kuma\u015f b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olsa bile gerekiyorsa mesela on par\u00e7aya ay\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte e\u011fer bir varis isterse di\u011ferinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 alarak onlar\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve t\u00fcm mirasa sahip olabilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bu ayetten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bu kural nakledilebilir olsun veya olmas\u0131n, tar\u0131msal veya end\u00fcstriyel veya di\u011fer her t\u00fcr mal i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, miras\u0131n ancak \u00f6len ki\u015finin arkas\u0131nda mal b\u0131rakmas\u0131 halinde, hak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Be\u015fincisi, ayetin ortaya koydu\u011fu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re yak\u0131n akrabalar hayatta ise, uzak akrabalar\u0131n mirasta haklar\u0131 yoktur.8- (Miras\u0131) B\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda yak\u0131nlar; yetimler ve yoksullar da haz\u0131r olursa, onlar\u0131 ondan r\u0131z\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131n ve onlara g\u00fczel (maruf) s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin.(13)9- Arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 zay\u0131f \u00e7ocuklardan dolay\u0131 korku duyanlar, (vasiyetleri alt\u0131nda olanlar i\u00e7in de) i\u00e7leri \u00fcrpertiyle titresin. Allah'tan sak\u0131ns\u0131nlar ve onlara do\u011fru s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylesinler.10- Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, yetimlerin mallar\u0131n\u0131 zulmederek yiyenler, kar\u0131nlar\u0131na ancak ate\u015f yemi\u015f olurlar. Onlar, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bir ate\u015fe gireceklerdir.(14)11- \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z konusunda Allah, erke\u011fe iki di\u015finin hissesi kadar tavsiye eder.(15) E\u011fer onlar ikiden \u00e7ok kad\u0131n ise (\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn) geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi(16) onlar\u0131nd\u0131r. Kad\u0131n (veya k\u0131z) bir tek ise, bu durumda yar\u0131s\u0131 onundur. (\u00d6lenin) Bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu varsa, geriye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan anne ve babadan her biri i\u00e7in alt\u0131da bir(17) , \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmay\u0131p da anne ve baba ona miras\u00e7\u0131 ise, bu durumda annesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7te bir vard\u0131r.(18) Onun karde\u015fleri varsa o zaman da annesi i\u00e7in alt\u0131da bir'dir.(19) (Ancak bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u00f6lenin) Etti\u011fi vasiyet veya (varsa) borcun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinden sonrad\u0131r.(20) Babalar\u0131n\u0131z, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131z, siz onlar\u0131n hangilerinin yarar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan size daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu bilmezsiniz. (Bunlar) Allah'tan bir farzd\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah, bilendir, h\u00fck\u00fcm ve hikmet sahibi oland\u0131r.(21)A\u00c7IKLAMA13. Burada \u00f6len ki\u015finin varislerine, mirasta hi\u00e7bir haklar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde yak\u0131n ve uzak akrabalara, ailedeki fakirlere ve miras\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada orada haz\u0131r bulunan yetimlere kar\u015f\u0131 c\u00f6mert olmalar\u0131 emrediliyor. Varisler onlara bir \u015feyler vermeli ve g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemelidirler; beyinsiz ve cimri kimseler gibi onlara sert ve k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylememelidirler.14. Bir hadise g\u00f6re, Uhud sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra bu ayet Hz. Sa'd bin Ruba\u00ee'nin dul kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fi ve sorusu \u00fczerine nazil olmu\u015ftur. Hz. Sa'd'\u0131n dul kar\u0131s\u0131 iki k\u0131z\u0131 ile Hz. Peygamber'e (s.a) gelmi\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \"Ey Allah'\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! \u0130\u015fte bunlar Uhud'da \u015fehit olan Sa'd'\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131. Amcalar\u0131 onlar\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131n hepsini ald\u0131lar ve bunlara bir dirhem bile kalmad\u0131. Bundan sonra bunlarla kim evlenir?\"15. Miras\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde ilk \u00f6nemli prensip erke\u011fin hakk\u0131n\u0131n, kad\u0131n\u0131nkinin iki kat\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tamamen akla uygun ve adil bir payla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r. \u0130slam hukuku ailenin ekonomik sorumlulu\u011funu erke\u011fe y\u00fckledi\u011fi ve kad\u0131n\u0131 bundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, adalet, kad\u0131n\u0131n miras pay\u0131n\u0131n erke\u011finkinden az olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.16. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, iki k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yani e\u011fer \u00f6len kimsenin geride erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu de\u011fil de iki veya daha fazla say\u0131da k\u0131z evlad\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015fsa, bu k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklara t\u00fcm miras\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi verilir ve geride kalan \u00fc\u00e7te bir, di\u011fer varisler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.Bunun gibi, e\u011fer \u00f6lenin geride sadece bir tek o\u011flu kalm\u0131\u015fsa ve ba\u015fka varisi yoksa, t\u00fcm miras o\u011fluna kal\u0131r. Fakat e\u011fer ba\u015fka varisi varsa, onlar\u0131n hakk\u0131 verildikten sonra geride kalan miras\u0131n hepsi, o o\u011fulun olur. Bu konuda \u00fcmmetin alimleri ittifak etmi\u015flerdir.17. \u00d6len ki\u015fi geride k\u0131z ya da erkek sadece bir \u00e7ocuk veya \u00e7ocuklar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olsa, anne ve babas\u0131ndan her birine miras\u0131n alt\u0131da biri d\u00fc\u015fer. Geride kalan \u00fc\u00e7te iki ise di\u011fer varisler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.18. E\u011fer ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir varis yoksa geriye kalan \u00fc\u00e7te iki babaya verilir; e\u011fer ba\u015fka varis varsa baba o \u00fc\u00e7te ikiyi o varislerle payla\u015f\u0131r.19. E\u011fer \u00f6len ki\u015finin geride k\u0131z veya erkek karde\u015fleri varsa, annenin pay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te birden alt\u0131da bire d\u00fc\u015fer. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen alt\u0131da bir ise, baban\u0131n pay\u0131na eklenir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durumda baban\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6len ki\u015finin anne babas\u0131 hayatta ise, k\u0131z veya erkek karde\u015flerine mirastan pay d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fine dikkat etmelidir.20. Vasiyetin yerine getirilmesi bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6denmesinden \u00f6ncedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6len herkesin borcu olmayabilir, fakat vasiyeti olabilir. Kanunun uygulamas\u0131na gelince, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunda, borcun vasiyetten \u00f6nce gelmesi gibi ortak bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r. Yani bor\u00e7 her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda \u00f6nce \u00f6denmeli, sonra vasiyet yerine getirilmeli ve ondan sonra da miras payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bakara suresinin 182. a\u00e7\u0131klama notunda ki\u015finin vasiyet ederek t\u00fcm servetinin \u00fc\u00e7te birini hibe etmeye hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015fti. Bu izin, mirastan pay alamayan akraba veya akrabalara servetten bir miktar b\u0131rakabilmek i\u00e7in verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z gelimi yetim bir k\u0131z veya erkek torun varsa, bir o\u011fulun dul kar\u0131s\u0131, fakir bir k\u0131z veya erkek karde\u015f vs. varsa, ki\u015fi vasiyet ederek miras\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6yle birisine b\u0131rakabilir. Hatta ki\u015finin herhangi bir kimseye veya kamu yarar\u0131na mal\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 vasiyet etmeye hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, kanun ki\u015finin miras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin (veya biraz daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131n) payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler ve geride kalan (yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te bir) miras i\u00e7in de, ki\u015fiyi (her \u015fah\u0131s i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 olabilen) kendi ailesinin \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde vasiyet etmesi i\u00e7in serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda vasiyetle varislere herhangi bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da engellenmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Aile \u00fcyeleri varislere yap\u0131lan herhangi bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k durumunda, bu hatay\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda veya Kad\u0131'ya ba\u015fvurarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyebilirler. Daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in \"Torunun Veraset Meselesi\" adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ma bak\u0131n\u0131z."}