B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun.<\/p>\n <\/a>\u0130\u00c7K\u0130 VE KUMAR<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Hamr\/\u0130\u00e7ki; Anlam ve M\u00e2hiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n “Hamr” s\u00f6zl\u00fckte, bir \u015feyi \u00f6rtmektir. Bir \u015feyi \u00f6rten \u00f6rt\u00fc anlam\u0131nda \u2018h\u0131m\u00e2r\u2019 ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelmektedir. Nitekim Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de bu kelime \u00e7o\u011ful olarak (\u201chumur\u201d \u015feklinde) kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtt\u00fckleri \u2018ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc\u2019 m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (24 N\u00fbr\/31). Hamr kavram olarak; insan\u0131n, ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011fini \u00f6rten her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uyu\u015fturucu anlam\u0131na gelir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki \u015farap, i\u00e7ki veya uyu\u015fturucu denilen maddelerin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de ayn\u0131 anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyi yasaklayan \u00e2yetlerde ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n inzal oldu\u011fu devirde Araplar imal ettikleri i\u00e7kilere \u2018hamr\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 vermekte idiler. Onlar \u00fcz\u00fcm, bal, hurma, bu\u011fday ve arpadan sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7kiler \u00fcretirlerdi. Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc \u2018hamr\u2019 diye an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve hepsi de akl\u0131 ba\u015ftan alan uyu\u015fturuculard\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha \u00e7ok \u201calkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u2018Hamr\u2019, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki tan\u0131m\u0131ndan daha geni\u015ftir ve b\u00fct\u00fcn uyu\u015fturucular\u0131; esrar, LSD, eroin, morfin gibi \u015feyleri de i\u00e7erisine almaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Peygamberimiz (s.a.s.) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r. \u201cHer sarho\u015f edici \u2018hamr\u2019d\u0131r. Ve her sarho\u015f edici haramd\u0131r. Kim d\u00fcnyada hamr i\u00e7er ve tevbe etmeden, onun tiryakisi oldu\u011fu halde \u00f6l\u00fcrse, \u00c2hirette (\u00c2hiret) \u015farab\u0131 (i\u00e7ece\u011fi) i\u00e7emez.\u201d<\/em> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, E\u015fribe 1; M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe 72, hadis no: 2003; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, E\u015fribe 5, hadis no: 3679; Muvatt\u00e2, E\u015fribe 11, hadis no: 846; Tirmiz\u00ee, E\u015fribe 1, hadis no: 1861; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 21-22)<\/p>\n Sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyler kat\u0131 ve ak\u0131c\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fittir. Kat\u0131 uyu\u015fturucular afyon, eroin, esrar, kokain, LSD, mariuhana gibi bitkilerden elde edilen maddelerdir. Ak\u0131c\u0131 olanlar a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla al\u0131nan alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerdir. \u00c7e\u015fitli maddelerden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bira, lik\u00f6r, \u015fampanya, votka, rak\u0131, \u015farap, cintonik, viski gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u2018Hamr\u2019, ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fct\u00fcn sarho\u015f edici maddeler, insandaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme fa\u00e2liyetlerini dum\u00fbra u\u011frat\u0131r, akl\u0131 ba\u015ftan al\u0131r. V\u00fccudu gev\u015fetip normal hareket etmesini engeller. Akl\u0131 perdeler, insan\u0131 ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmez bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re \u2018hamr\u2019, belli bir maddenin ad\u0131 de\u011fil; sarho\u015fluk verip ve uyu\u015fturan, akl\u0131 perdeleyen maddelerin meydana getirdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u2018Hamr\u2019\u0131n az veya \u00e7ok olmas\u0131 farketmez. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re hepsi zararl\u0131d\u0131r ve hepsi de haramd\u0131r (Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 24).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Hamr\u2019\u0131n Haram K\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7kilerin ve uyu\u015fturucular\u0131n zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu herkes bilir. Akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olan hi\u00e7 kimse \u2018hamr\u2019\u0131n insana zararl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddi\u00e2 edemez. \u201c\u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun alkole de ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r\u201d diyenler, yaln\u0131zca demogoji yapm\u0131\u015f olurlar. \u0130nsan, v\u00fccudunun ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu mineralleri \u00e7e\u015fitli sebze ve meyvelerden al\u0131r. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun karbona ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r ama, karbon demek olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kimse yemez. V\u00fccudun demire de ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r ama hi\u00e7 kimse bu ihtiyac\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 demir kemirme\u011fe kalk\u0131\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7kinin zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilindi\u011fi ve bunun zarar\u0131n\u0131 herkes g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halde ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri yap\u0131lmakta ve i\u00e7ilmekte; insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u00e7meye devam etmektedir. Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya genelinde i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketiminin korkun\u00e7 boyutlarda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde su yerine alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ilmektedir. D\u00fcnyada ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketimi \u00fcrk\u00fctecek boyutlardad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ki aleyhine yap\u0131lan kampanyalar\u0131n fazla bir etkisi olmamaktad\u0131r. (Z\u00e2ten bu kampanyalar, direkt veya film vb. \u015fekilde dolayl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan reklamlara oranla pek \u00f6nemli de de\u011fildir.)<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fin garibi Kur\u2019an\u2019a inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen toplumlarda bile i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketimi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda giderek artmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m i\u00e7kiyi kesin bir dille yasakl\u0131yor, i\u00e7enleri tehdit ediyor, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyi imana zarar veren \u015fey olarak niteliyor. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc e\u011fip b\u00fckt\u00fckleri gibi, i\u00e7ki kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yitiriyorlar. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ho\u015f g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok davran\u0131\u015f Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiyle onlar\u0131n da hayat\u0131na giriyor. F\u00e2ize m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir isim vererek, baz\u0131lar\u0131 c\u00e2iz diye fetv\u00e2 vererek, kimileri de g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemeyerek f\u00e2iz al\u0131p veriyorlar. Kumara; toto, loto, piyango, at yar\u0131\u015f\u0131, say\u0131sal, \u015fans oyunu deyip tak\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Tesett\u00fcre; \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k, moda, kamusal alanda yasak deyip uymuyorlar. Bunun gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyi, neredeyse ki\u015fili\u011fi tamamlayan, normal bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul etmektedir. Peygamberimiz buyuruyor ki: \u201c\u00dcmmetimden bir grup, \u2018hamr\u2019\u0131 (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ecekleri) kendi takt\u0131klar\u0131 bir adla hel\u00e2l k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/em>(D\u00e2rim\u00ee, E\u015fribe 8, hadis no: 2106)<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyi (hamr\u2019\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan saymakta ve kesin if\u00e2delerle yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u0130sl\u00e2m be\u015f ana maddenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri de ak\u0131ld\u0131r. Ak\u0131l, ya yanl\u0131\u015f ve b\u00e2t\u0131l fikirlerle bozulur, ya da sarho\u015fluk verici \u015feylerle. Allah\u2019\u0131n insana verdi\u011fi her \u015fey bir em\u00e2nettir. Ak\u0131l, can, mal, sa\u011fl\u0131k, beden, toprak, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ve benzerleri. \u0130nsan bu em\u00e2netleri en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde korumal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu em\u00e2netlere zarar veren, onlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozan davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu em\u00e2netleri tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemelidir. \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l nimeti ve em\u00e2netini koruma konusunda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir tedbirdir.<\/p>\n Bu yasak, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir s\u0131namad\u0131r. \u0130nsan, yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem takv\u00e2ya hem de hev\u00e2ya (nefsinin isteklerine) uymaya meyillidir. \u0130ster ki, ho\u015funa giden \u015feylere sahip olsun, onlardan yararlans\u0131n. Ama d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131 bir imtihand\u0131r. Ki\u015fi birtak\u0131m davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131r koymazsa, fazilete ula\u015famaz. Can\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fini yapmaya devam ederse, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n sak\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcnah, isyan, sap\u0131kl\u0131k, azg\u0131nl\u0131k, \u015firk ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr gibi hatalara d\u00fc\u015febilir. Allah (c.c.) baz\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flardan r\u00e2z\u0131 olmaz. Bunlar\u0131 da el\u00e7ileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla insanlara bildirmi\u015ftir. Hem f\u0131trat\u0131\/ki\u015fili\u011fi korumak, hem Allah\u2019\u0131 r\u00e2z\u0131 edip s\u0131nav\u0131 kazanmak, hem de verilen em\u00e2netleri korumak i\u00e7in, yasaklara kulak vermek gerekir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>\u0130\u00e7kinin Zararlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rabbimiz yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bizim faydalanmam\u0131z i\u00e7in bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n hel\u00e2l r\u0131z\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015fken, insan\u0131n kendine zararl\u0131 bir \u015feyi yiyecek veya i\u00e7ecek olarak se\u00e7mesi, ondan zevk almas\u0131 ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir olayd\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Allah\u2019a kulluk etmeyi hayatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karanlar i\u00e7in ne i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ne de di\u011fer yasak ve emirlerin bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar canlar\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fini yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yaparlar da yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ifs\u00e2d ederler (bozarlar), azg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r, haddi a\u015farlar, z\u00e2lim ve m\u00fcstekbir olurlar. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fanmaz hale getirirler.<\/p>\n Hamr i\u00e7mekle, \u00f6nce insan\u0131n akl\u0131, do\u011fal i\u015flevini kaybeder.<\/p>\n Ak\u0131lla beraber din konusundaki duyarl\u0131l\u0131k da gider.<\/p>\n Sarho\u015flar\u0131n nesilleri de i\u00e7ki i\u00e7menin zarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mekle i\u015flenen cin\u00e2yetlerin, verilen zararlar\u0131n, batan ocaklar\u0131n, yitirilen \u015fereflerin say\u0131s\u0131 belli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n O y\u00fczden Peygamberimiz; \u201c\u0130\u00e7ki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d <\/em>(Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 44) buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim n\u00e2zil olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirde Araplar aras\u0131nda i\u00e7ki \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir gelenekti, \u00e2det\u00e2 hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131; t\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 toplumlarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi. Kur\u2019an, yeni m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan bu insanlara i\u00e7kiyi birden bire yasaklamad\u0131. A\u015famal\u0131 olarak onlar\u0131n i\u00e7kiyi terketmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu konuda gelen ilk \u00e2yet, \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden r\u0131z\u0131k ve i\u00e7ecek elde etmeyi hat\u0131rlat\u0131yordu (16\/Nahl, 67). \u0130kinci gelen \u00e2yet, i\u00e7ki hakk\u0131nda soru soranlara, \u2018onun zarar\u0131n\u0131n faydas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok oldu\u011funu\u2019 haber veriyordu (2\/Bakara, 219). Baz\u0131 sah\u00e2beler bu \u00e2yetle i\u00e7kinin haram k\u0131l\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7kiyi terketmi\u015flerdi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e2yet, i\u00e7kiliyken namaz k\u0131l\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu (4\/Nis\u00e2, 43). Son gelen \u00e2yet ise i\u00e7kiyi temamen yasakl\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler, hamr, kumar, dikili ta\u015flar (putlar) ve \u015fans i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan fal oklar\u0131 ancak \u015feytan\u0131n i\u015flerinden olan pisliklerdir. \u00d6yleyse bunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n; umulur ki kurtulu\u015fa erersiniz. Ger\u00e7ekten \u015feytan hamr ve kumarla aran\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, sizi Allah\u2019\u0131 zikretmekten ve namaz\u0131 k\u0131lmaktan al\u0131koymak ister. Art\u0131k vazge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u201d<\/em> (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90-91)<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Rabbimiz \u2018hamr\u2019 kullanmay\u0131 \u015feytan\u0131n pisliklerinden saymaktad\u0131r. \u015eeytan i\u00e7ki ve kumarla insanlar aras\u0131na kavga sokar, onlar\u0131 Allah\u2019a ib\u00e2detten uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn aynen\u00a0 bu \u015fekilde olmuyor mu? I\u00e7ki ve kumarla u\u011fra\u015fanlar\u0131n durumu Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi de\u011fil mi? Hepsi de \u015feytan\u0131n emrine girmi\u015f birer zavall\u0131 de\u011filler mi?<\/p>\n \u0130nsan, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kolay kolay ayr\u0131lamaz. O y\u00fczden onlara sunulacak emir ve yasaklar, onlar\u0131n uygulayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131 tan\u0131yan Rabbimiz, i\u00e7ki gibi bir konuda a\u015famal\u0131 bir metod uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir iman meselesi olarak ele al\u0131yor. Nitekim son gelen \u00e2yette, \u2018hamr\u2019 ve kumar\u0131n \u015feytan\u0131n pisli\u011fi oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikle vurgulan\u0131yor ve soruluyor: \u2018Art\u0131k vazge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u2019 <\/em>E\u011fer Allah\u2019a ve O\u2019nun Ras\u00fbl\u00fcne iman ediyorsan\u0131z, e\u011fer Allah\u2019\u0131n az\u00e2b\u0131ndan korkup, aff\u0131n\u0131 umuyorsan\u0131z, e\u011fer \u015feytan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman biliyorsan\u0131z, bu pis i\u015fi b\u0131rak\u0131n!<\/p>\n \u201cAllah\u2019a ve Ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne iman eden hamr i\u00e7mesin, Allah\u2019a ve Ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne iman eden i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ilen sofraya oturmas\u0131n.\u201d, \u201cHamr i\u00e7enin kalbinden iman nuru \u00e7\u0131kar.\u201d, \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 ki\u015fi cennete giremez: Deyyus (kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131skanmayan), erkekle\u015fen kad\u0131n ve i\u00e7ki d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc.\u201d<\/em> (K\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc Sitte, 8\/169) buyuran Peygamberimiz i\u015fin \u00f6nemini ortaya koyuyor. \u0130sl\u00e2m m\u00fc\u2019minlerin duygusal olarak da i\u00e7kiden nefret etmelerini tavsiye ediyor. M\u00fc\u2019min, hayat\u0131na hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde i\u00e7kiyi ve kumar\u0131 sokmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 defa bu yasaklar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyen ki\u015fi, bunlar\u0131 terketmekte \u00e7ok zorlan\u0131r. Al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirdi\u011fi zaman ise, i\u015f tehlikeli bir noktaya ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7kiyi kesin bir \u015fekilde yasaklayan \u00e2yetin sonunda Allah (c.c.) m\u00fc\u2019minlere yumu\u015fak bir \u015fekilde soruyor: \u201cArt\u0131k (i\u00e7ki i\u00e7mekten) vazge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u201d<\/em> Bu if\u00e2de tarz\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphesiz kalplere etki eden, duyguland\u0131ran, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ftan insanlar\u0131 al\u0131koyacak tatl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bunu duyan o g\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minleri i\u00e7kiyi derhal b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7kicilerine de ibret olmal\u0131.<\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Akl\u0131n s\u0131hhatli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve muh\u00e2keme yetene\u011fini gideren, sarho\u015fluk denilen hale sebep olan i\u00e7eceklere \u201chamr\u201d denilir. Kur\u2019an\u2019da ge\u00e7en \u201chamr\u201d kelimesinin, fak\u00eehlerin \u00e7o\u011fu akl\u0131 gideren b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7kileri kapsam\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Hanef\u00eeler \u201chamr\u201d\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle izah etmi\u015flerdir: \u201cK\u00f6p\u00fcklenip kuvvetlenen ya\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu.\u201d Yaln\u0131zca bu t\u00fcr i\u00e7kilerin ismi hamr’d\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7kiler hamr kelimesinin \u015fum\u00fbl\u00fcne girmez. Bu t\u00fcr i\u00e7kiler, sarho\u015fluk verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in hamr’a k\u0131yasla haramd\u0131r Fak\u00eehlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (cumh\u00fbr-\u0131 ulem\u00e2) ise, sarho\u015fluk veren b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7eceklerin az\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7o\u011funun da haram oldu\u011funu ve hamr kelimesinin kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir (Sahih-i M\u00fcslim, Terceme ve \u015eerh, A. Davudo\u011flu, IX\/247, vd.).<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek \u0130sl\u00e2m’da yasak oldu\u011fu gibi, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve Yah\u00fbdilikte de, \u00f6nceki \u015feriatlerde de bu konuda baz\u0131 yasaklar getirilmi\u015ftir. Yah\u00fbdilerin kutsal kitab\u0131 Tevrat’ta \u015fu c\u00fcmleler dikkati \u00e7eker: “Ve Rab H\u00e2run\u2019a s\u00f6yleyip dedi: Sen ve seninle beraber o\u011fullar\u0131n, toplanma \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na girdi\u011finiz zaman, \u00f6lmeyesiniz diye \u015farap ve i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyin, nesillerinizce ebed\u00ee kanun olarak, t\u00e2 ki, kutsalla, baya\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi ve murdarla temiz olan\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rdedesiniz” (Tevrat, Levililer, Bab, 10, C\u00fcmle 8-11)<\/p>\n \u0130ncil’de bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle denir: “Onlar yemek yerlerken, \u0130sa ekmek ald\u0131, \u015f\u00fckran du\u00e2s\u0131 edip par\u00e7alad\u0131 ve t\u00e2b\u00eelerine verdi ve dedi ki: \u2018Al\u0131n, yiyin, bu benim bedenimdir. Ve bir k\u00e2se \u015farap al\u0131p \u015f\u00fckretti ve onlara vererek dedi ki, bundan i\u00e7iniz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu benim kan\u0131m, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 u\u011frunda d\u00f6k\u00fclen ahdin kan\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat ben size derim: Babam\u0131n melek\u00fbtunda sizinle taze olarak onu i\u00e7ece\u011fim o g\u00fcne kadar, ben asman\u0131n bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnden art\u0131k i\u00e7meyece\u011fim.” (\u0130ncil, Matta, bab, 26, C\u00fcmle 26-29, Yuhanna, C\u00fcmle 30 vd.).<\/p>\n Eski T\u00fcrklerin \u0130sl\u00e2m’dan \u00f6nce \u015eamanizm’e ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu dinde genellikle sevin\u00e7li zamanlarda ve kutsama t\u00f6renlerinde K\u0131m\u0131z vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u00e7kilerin i\u00e7ildi\u011fi bilinmektedir (Mehmet Ayd\u0131n-Osman Cilac\u0131, Dinler Tarihi, Konya 1980, s. 97 vd.).<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m’dan \u00f6nce ve \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ilk devirlerinde, c\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131 i\u00e7ki i\u00e7er ve bunu hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. \u0130sl\u00e2m be\u015f \u015feyin korunmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Bunlar: Ak\u0131l, sa\u011fl\u0131k, mal, \u0131rz ve dindir. \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7en kimse bu be\u015f unsuru da koruyamaz duruma d\u00fc\u015fer. Amerika’da i\u00e7ki aleyhtarlar\u0131n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu bir te\u015fkilat yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ilk defa i\u00e7kiyi kimin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk yasa\u011f\u0131n Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.) taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca O’nun h\u00e2t\u0131ras\u0131na New York’ta “Muhammed \u00c7e\u015fmesi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bir \u00e2bide yapt\u0131r\u0131rlar (Ye\u015filay Dergisi, say\u0131 441, A\u011fustos 1970). (Peygamberimizin i\u00e7kiyi Allah\u2019\u0131n emriyle kesin bir \u015fekilde yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur; ama bunu yasaklayan Allah, \u00e7ok eski \u015feriatlerde de yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; e\u011fer Tevrat ve \u0130ncil tahrif edilmemi\u015f olsayd\u0131, bu yasak, net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclecekti. \u015eimdiki Kutsal Kitaplarda bile bunu bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.)<\/p>\n Kur’an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’de i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 tedr\u00eec prensibine g\u00f6re gelmi\u015ftir. Mekke’de inen ilk ayette yasak h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaz.<\/p>\n “Hurma ve \u00fcz\u00fcm a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n meyvelerinden i\u00e7ki yap\u0131yor ve ayr\u0131ca g\u00fczel r\u0131z\u0131k ediniyorsunuz, bunda akl\u0131 eren bir kavim i\u00e7in elbet bir ibret vard\u0131r”<\/em> (16\/Nahl, 67).<\/p>\n Bundan sonra Hz. \u00d6mer bir g\u00fcn Resulullah (s.a.s.)’a gelerek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “Ya Resulullah! \u015earap, mal\u0131 hel\u00e2k edici ve akl\u0131 giderici oldu\u011fu malumunuzdur. Y\u00fcce Allah’tan, \u015farab\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bize a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 iste. Hz. Peygamber; “Ey Allah’\u0131m, \u015farap hakk\u0131nda bize a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 beyan\u0131n\u0131 bildir” diye dua edince \u015fu \u00e2yet indi: “Sana i\u00e7kiyi ve kumar\u0131 sorarlar, de ki. “Onlarda hem b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah hem de insanlar i\u00e7in baz\u0131 faydalar vard\u0131r. Ancak g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 faydalar\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr”<\/em> (2\/Bakara, 219). Bu \u00e2yet inince, baz\u0131 sahab\u00eeler “b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah” diye i\u00e7kiyi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise “insanlara faydas\u0131 da var” diyerek i\u00e7meye devam etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn Abdurrahman b. Avf bir ziyafet vermi\u015f, ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2mdan baz\u0131lar\u0131 da bu ziyafette haz\u0131r bulunmu\u015ftu. Yemekte i\u00e7ki de i\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. Ak\u015fam namaz\u0131n\u0131n vakti girince, i\u00e7lerinden birisi imam olmu\u015f ve namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131rken “k\u00e2fir\u00fbn” s\u00fbresini yanl\u0131\u015f okumu\u015ftu. Bunun \u00fczerine Hz. \u00d6mer: “Ya Rabbi bize i\u00e7ki konusundaki beyan\u0131nda ziyade yap” diye dua etmi\u015f ve daha sonra \u015fu \u00e2yet inmi\u015ftir: “Ey iman edenler, siz sarho\u015fken ne s\u00f6yleyece\u011finizi bilinceye kadar namaza yakla\u015fmay\u0131n”<\/em> (4\/Nis\u00e2, 43). Bu s\u00fbrette i\u00e7ki yaln\u0131z namaz vakitlerinde olmak \u00fczere yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k onu i\u00e7enler yats\u0131 namaz\u0131ndan sonra i\u00e7iyorlar, sarho\u015fluklar\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Yine bir g\u00fcn Utbe bin M\u00e2lik (r.a.) bir evlenme ziyafeti vermi\u015fti. Sa’d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas da oradayd\u0131. Deve eti yediler, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7tiler, sarho\u015f olunca da asalet iddias\u0131na kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Sa’d bu konuda kavmini \u00f6ven ve Ensar’\u0131 hicveden bir \u015fiir okudu. Ensar’dan birisi buna k\u0131zarak, sofradaki bir deve kemi\u011fi ile Sa’d’\u0131 yaralad\u0131. Sa’d da durumu Resulullah (s.a.s)’a \u015fik\u00e2yette bulundu. Bunun \u00fczerine bu konuda kesin i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 bildiren ayetler indi: “Ey iman edenler, i\u00e7ki, kumar, dikili ta\u015flar ve fal oklar\u0131 ancak \u015feytan\u0131n amelinden bir murdard\u0131r. Bunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n\u0131z ki, felaha eresiniz. \u015eeytan i\u00e7ki ve kumarla aran\u0131za kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k sokmak, sizi Allah’\u0131 anmaktan ve namaz\u0131 k\u0131lmaktan al\u0131koymak ister. Art\u0131k vazge\u00e7tiniz de\u011fil mi?” <\/em>(5\/M\u00e2ide, 90-91)<\/p>\n Hz. Peygamberin \u00e7e\u015fitli hadisleri bu konuda uygulama esaslar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir: “Her sarho\u015fluk veren \u015fey hamrd\u0131r\/\u015farapt\u0131r ve her sarho\u015fluk veren \u015fey haramd\u0131r. Bir kimse \u015farab\u0131 d\u00fcnyada i\u00e7er de ona devam \u00fczere iken tevbe etmeden \u00f6l\u00fcrse \u00e2hirette kevser \u015farab\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7emez”<\/em> (M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe, 73). “\u00c7o\u011fu sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyin az\u0131 da haramd\u0131r.”<\/em> (el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee, Bul\u00fb\u011fu’l Mer\u00e2m, Terc. A. Davudo\u011flu, lV, 61 vd.). Hz. Peygamber’e ila\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u015farap yapman\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc sorulunca; “\u015e\u00fcphesiz \u015farap deva (il\u00e2\u00e7) de\u011fil aksine derttir” <\/em>(el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee, a.g.e, IV, 61). “\u00dcmmetimden birtak\u0131m kimseler, \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar koyarak i\u00e7ki i\u00e7eceklerdir”<\/em> (el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee, a.g.e, IV, 61).<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7kinin yasak olu\u015fu icm\u00e2-\u0131 \u00fcmmetle s\u00e2bittir. \u0130sl\u00e2m fakihleri bu konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedirler. Ancak m\u00fcctehidler aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 i\u00e7ki \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u00fczerinde ihtilaf vard\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer bu konudaki \u015f\u00fcpheleri kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, Allah el\u00e7isinin minberinden “akl\u0131 perdeleyen her \u015fey i\u00e7kidir” s\u00f6z\u00fcyle \u00f6zl\u00fc bir tarif yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re insana akl\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiren ve onu iyi ile k\u00f6t\u00fcy\u00fc, hay\u0131rla \u015ferri ay\u0131ramaz duruma getiren her\u015fey i\u00e7ki say\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 veya kat\u0131 olmas\u0131 sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Afyon, eroin ve benzeri b\u00fct\u00fcn uyu\u015fturucular ayn\u0131 niteliktedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filerde akl\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir; uza\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131n, yak\u0131n\u0131 uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; ola\u011fan \u015feylerden ayr\u0131larak, olmayan ve olmayacak \u015feyleri hayal etmeye ve r\u00fcyalar denizinde y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flar. Baz\u0131 uyu\u015fturucular da v\u00fcc\u00fbdu durgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, sinirleri uyu\u015fturur, ruhsal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclere yol a\u00e7ar, ahl\u00e2k\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, iradeyi zay\u0131flat\u0131r ve ferdi topluma faydas\u0131z h\u00e2le getirir. \u0130\u015fte \u0130sl\u00e2m dini, fert ve toplum i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olan \u015feyleri emrederken, zararl\u0131 olanlar\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n yasaklar\u0131 t\u0131b taraf\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131n fert ve toplum yarar\u0131na oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Nitekim, i\u00e7ki ve domuz eti gibi yasaklar ilmin ve t\u0131bb\u0131n s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, nice madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nevi zararlar\u0131 uzmanlarca a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bk. Yusuf el-Kard\u00e2v\u00ee, el-Hel\u00e2l ve’l-Har\u00e2m fi’l-\u0130sl\u00e2m, Terc. Mustafa Varl\u0131, Ankara 1970, s. 50-53, 75-88).<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, i\u00e7kinin i\u00e7ilmesini yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda ticaretini de yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Peygamber (s.a.s) i\u00e7ki konusunda on ki\u015fiyi l\u00e2netlemi\u015ftir: S\u0131kan, kendisi i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u0131lan, i\u00e7en, ta\u015f\u0131yan, kendisi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan, i\u00e7iren, satan, paras\u0131n\u0131 yiyen, sat\u0131n alan ve kendisi i\u00e7in sat\u0131n al\u0131nan…”<\/em> (Tirmiz\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb’, 59; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, E\u015fribe, 6).<\/p>\n M\u00e2ide suresindeki kesin i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 bildiren ayet geldikten sonra Allah Resulu uygulama ile ilgili olmak \u00fczere \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “\u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah i\u00e7kiyi haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e2yeti haber al\u0131p da yan\u0131nda i\u00e7ki bulunan kimse, ondan i\u00e7mesin ve satmas\u0131n…”<\/em> (M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2k\u00e2t, 67; bk. Buh\u00e2r\u0131, Meg\u00e2z\u00ee, 51; B\u00fcy\u00fb, 105, 112; M\u00fcslim, B\u00fcy\u00fb, 93; Fer’, 8; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 11; Ahmed b. Hanbel, II, 213, 362, 512, III, 217, 324, 326, 340; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Muhtasaru Tefs\u00eeri \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Beyrut (t.y), I, 544-547).<\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/a> H\u00fcseyin K. Ece, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n Temel Kavramlar\u0131, s. 249-252.<\/p>\n <\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Hamdi D\u00f6nd\u00fcren, \u015eamil \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, c. 3, s. 88-90.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim’de \u0130\u00e7kinin Haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Yasaklanma A\u015famas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hamr kelimesi, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de toplam 7 Yerde ge\u00e7er (2\/Bakara, 219; 5\/M\u00e2ide, 90, 91; 12\/Yusuf, 36, 41; 24\/N\u00fbr, 31; 47\/Muhammed, 15). Bilindi\u011fi gibi, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 tedric\u00ee \u015fekilde getirildi. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de bu \u00e2yetler, \u015fu ini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 t\u00e2kip etti: \u00d6nce i\u00e7kinin g\u00fczel olan r\u0131z\u0131klardan ayr\u0131 olarak (g\u00fczel olmayan) bir r\u0131z\u0131k\/g\u0131da oldu\u011funu belirten \u00e2yet (16\/Nahl, 67) indi, sonra i\u00e7kide b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar ve g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funa d\u00e2ir \u00e2yet (2\/Bakara, 219) bunu t\u00e2kip etti. Daha sonra sarho\u015fken namaza yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131 (4\/Nis\u00e2, 43). En sonunda da i\u00e7kiyi kesin \u015fekilde yasaklayan ve onu \u015feytan i\u015fi bir pislik ilan eden \u00e2yet n\u00e2zil oldu (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90-91).<\/p>\n \u201cHurma ve \u00fcz\u00fcm gibi meyvelerden hem sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ki, hem de g\u00fczel g\u0131d\u00e2lar edinirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte bunlarda da akl\u0131n\u0131 kullanan kimseler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ibret vard\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(16\/Nahl, 67)<\/p>\n “Sana, \u015farap ve kumar hakk\u0131nda soru sorarlar. De ki: Her ikisinde de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah ve insanlar i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m faydalar vard\u0131r. Ancak her ikisinin de g\u00fcnah\u0131 faydas\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yine sana iyilik yolunda ne infak edip harcayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 sorarlar. ‘\u0130htiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131n\u0131’ de. Allah size \u00e2yetleri b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar ki, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnesiniz.” <\/em>(2\/Bakara, 219)<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! Siz sarho\u015f iken -ne s\u00f6yledi\u011finizi bilinceye kadar-, c\u00fcn\u00fcp iken de -yolcu olan m\u00fcstesn\u00e2- gus\u00fcl edinceye kadar namaza yakla\u015fmay\u0131n. E\u011fer hasta olur veya bir yolculuk \u00fczerinde bulunursan\u0131z, yahut sizden biriniz ayak yolundan gelirse, veya kad\u0131nlara dokunup da bir su bulamam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z o zaman temiz bir toprakla teyemm\u00fcm edin: Y\u00fczlerinize ve ellerinize s\u00fcr\u00fcn. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah \u00e7ok affedici ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(4\/Nis\u00e2, 43)<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! Hamr (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ecekler), kumar, dikili ta\u015flar (putlar, putla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan heykeller), fal ve \u015fans oklar\u0131 birer \u015feytan i\u015fi pisliktir; bunlardan uzak durun ki kurtulu\u015fa eresiniz. \u015eeytan i\u00e7kide ve kumarda, ancak aran\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin sokmak; sizi, Allah\u2019\u0131n zikretmekten ve namazdan al\u0131koymak ister. Art\u0131k (bunlardan) vazge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u201d <\/em>(5\/M\u00e2ide, 90-91)<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00fcttak\u00eelere vaad olunan Cennetin durumu \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u0130\u00e7inde bozulmayan sudan \u0131rmaklar, tad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeyen s\u00fctten \u0131rmaklar, i\u00e7enlere lezzet veren \u015faraptan \u0131rmaklar ve s\u00fczme baldan \u0131rmaklar vard\u0131r. Orada meyvelerin her \u00e7e\u015fidi onlar\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunlardan da \u00f6te Rablerinden bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama vard\u0131r. Bu, ate\u015fte ebed\u00ee kalan ve barsaklar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7a par\u00e7a edecek kaynar su i\u00e7irilen kimselerin durumu gibi olur mu hi\u00e7?\u201d<\/em>(47\/Muhammed, 15)<\/p>\n \u201c(Ey Muhammed!) Hayat\u0131n hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in, onlar, sarho\u015fluklar i\u00e7inde bocal\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u201d <\/em>(15\/H\u0131cr, 72)<\/p>\n \u201cEy insanlar! Rabbinizden korkun! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131y\u00e2met vaktinin depremi m\u00fcthi\u015f birk \u015feydir! Onu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz g\u00fcn, her emzikli kad\u0131n emzirdi\u011finden vazge\u00e7er, her gebe kad\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 da sarho\u015f birk halde g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn. Oysa onlar sarho\u015f de\u011fillerdir; fakat Allah\u2019\u0131n az\u00e2b\u0131 \u00e7ok deh\u015fetlidir.\u201d <\/em>(22\/Hacc, 1-2)\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm sarho\u015flu\u011fu bir g\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten gelir de, \u2018i\u015fte (ey insan) bu, senin \u00f6teden beri ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015feydir\u2019 denir.\u201d <\/em>(50\/Kaf, 19)<\/p>\n \u201cMallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 aran\u0131zda haks\u0131z sebeplerle yemeyin. Kendiniz bilip dururken, insanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, yalan yemin ve \u015f\u00e2hitlik ile yemeniz i\u00e7in o mallar\u0131 h\u00e2kimlere (reislere, yetkili idarecilere veya mahkeme h\u00e2kimlerine el alt\u0131ndan) vermeyin.\u201d <\/em>(2\/Bakara, 188)<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! Aran\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131z\u00e2ya dayanan tic\u00e2ret olmas\u0131 hali m\u00fcstesn\u00e2, mallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, b\u00e2t\u0131l (haks\u0131z ve haram yollar) ile aran\u0131zda (al\u0131p vererek) yemeyin. Ve kendinizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyin. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah size merhamet edecektir. Kim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve haks\u0131zl\u0131k ile bunu (haram yemeyi veya \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi) yaparsa, (bilsin ki) onu ate\u015fe sokaca\u011f\u0131z; bu ise Allah\u2019a \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. E\u011fer yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rsan\u0131z; sizin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6rteriz ve sizi \u015ferefli bir yere sokar\u0131z.\u201d <\/em>(4\/Nis\u00e2, 29-31)<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki m\u00e2ide s\u00fbresi 90. \u00e2yet le mutlak anlamda haram k\u0131l\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce, hakk\u0131nda iki h\u00fck\u00fcm daha inmi\u015fti (2\/Bakara, 219, 4\/Nis\u00e2, 43). Son h\u00fck\u00fcm gelmeden \u00f6nce Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) kendileri mutlak yasa\u011fa haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in halk\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131 uyararak \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: “Allah insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ki i\u00e7melerinden asla ho\u015flanmaz. Mutlak yasak yak\u0131nda gelse gerektir. Bu y\u00fczden ellerinde i\u00e7ki bulunanlar en iyisi mi onu sats\u0131nlar.”<\/em> Bundan bir s\u00fcre sonra, M\u00e2ide suresi 90. ayet inince, “\u015eu anda ellerinde i\u00e7ki bulunanlar art\u0131k onu ne i\u00e7ebilir, ne de satabilir; bu y\u00fczden onu yok etsinler.” diye il\u00e2nda bulundu. Bunun \u00fczerine d\u00f6k\u00fclen i\u00e7kiler Medine sokaklar\u0131nda akt\u0131. Bununla birlikte baz\u0131lar\u0131 “Onu Yahudilere hediye edemez miyiz?” diye Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a.s.) sordular. Cevap \u015f\u00f6yleydi: “Onu haram eden, hediye olarak verilmesini de yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/em> Daha baz\u0131lar\u0131 “Onu sirke yapamaz m\u0131y\u0131z?” diye sordular. Cevap: “Hay\u0131r, d\u00f6kmelisiniz” <\/em>\u015feklinde oldu. Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 tekrar tekrar sordu: “\u0130\u00e7kiyi ila\u00e7 olarak da kullanamaz m\u0131y\u0131z?” Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u00fcst\u00fcne basa basa bunu da reddetti ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “Hay\u0131r, o bir ila\u00e7 de\u011fil, bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.”<\/em> Yine, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 daha sordu: “Efendim, biz \u00e7ok so\u011fuk bir yerde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz ve i\u015fimiz de yorucudur. Bu bak\u0131mdan, yorgunlu\u011fumuzu gidermek ve \u0131s\u0131nmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7ki i\u00e7iyoruz.” Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “\u0130\u00e7ti\u011finiz sarho\u015fluk veriyor mu?”<\/em> “Evet” dedi adam. Bunun \u00fczerine, Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) “Ondan el \u00e7ek!” <\/em>buyurdular. Soruyu soran adam bu kez, “Bizim orada oturanlar bunu kabul etmiyecektir.” dedi. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) buna da \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi: “E\u011fer kabul etmezlerse git, onlarla sava\u015f!”<\/em><\/p>\n \u0130bn \u00d6mer’den (r.a.) riv\u00e2yet edilen bir hadise g\u00f6re Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r: “Allah i\u00e7kiyi ve onu i\u00e7eni, sunan\u0131, satan\u0131, alan\u0131, \u00fcreteni, \u00fcrettireni, ta\u015f\u0131yan\u0131 ve kendisine ta\u015f\u0131tan\u0131 l\u00e2netlemi\u015ftir.” <\/em>Bir ba\u015fka hadisinde Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara i\u00e7kiyle birlikte sunulan yemekten yemeyi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasa\u011f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminde, i\u00e7kiyi \u00e7\u0131karmada ve i\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan aletlerden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bile yasaklam\u0131\u015f, fakat daha sonra yasa iyice yerle\u015fince bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Arap\u00e7a “hamr” kelimesi \u00f6ncelikle \u00fcz\u00fcmden yap\u0131lan \u015farap anlam\u0131na geliyorsa da, bu\u011fday, arpa, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, hurma ve baldan yap\u0131lan i\u00e7kiler i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015f ve yasak, sarho\u015fluk veren her \u015feyi i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hadisler bu noktada olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: “Her sarho\u015fluk veren hamrd\u0131r ve haramd\u0131r\u201d, “Sarho\u015fluk veren her i\u00e7ki haramd\u0131r”,<\/em> “Her sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyi yasakl\u0131yorum.”<\/em> Cuma hutbelerinden birinde Halife Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) hamr’\u0131 “d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme melekesini gideren her \u015fey” olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu ba\u011flamda Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) genel ilkeyi \u015f\u00f6yle koymu\u015flard\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7o\u011fu sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyin en az miktar\u0131 da haramd\u0131r; bir barda\u011f\u0131 sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyin bir damlas\u0131 da haramd\u0131r…” <\/em>Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) zaman\u0131nda sarho\u015f i\u00e7in belli bir ceza yoktu. Tutuklan\u0131p mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan su\u00e7lu ayakkab\u0131larla d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr, tepiklenir, yumruklan\u0131r, \u00e7omaklan\u0131r ve k\u0131rba\u00e7lan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in verilen cezan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek miktar\u0131 k\u0131rk k\u0131rba\u00e7t\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer’in (r.a.) halifeli\u011finin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde de ayn\u0131 ceza uygulan\u0131yordu. Fakat o su\u00e7lar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, di\u011fer sahabelere de dan\u0131\u015farak cezay\u0131 seksen k\u0131rbaca \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130mam Malik, \u0130mam Ebu Hanife ve bir rivayete g\u00f6re \u0130mam \u015eafi\u00ee de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteydiler. Fakat, \u0130mam Ahmed b. Hanbel ve bir ba\u015fka rivayete g\u00f6re \u0130mam \u015eafi\u00ee, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7menin cezas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131rk k\u0131rba\u00e7 oldu\u011fu fikrindedir. Hz. Ali (r.a.) de k\u0131rk k\u0131rbac\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130slam f\u0131kh\u0131na g\u00f6re, yasa\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde durmak \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti’nin g\u00f6revidir. Nitekim, Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) zaman\u0131nda Beni Sakif kabilesinden Ruvey\u015fid adl\u0131 bir adam\u0131n d\u00fckkan\u0131, i\u00e7inde gizlice \u015farap \u00fcretilip sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir seferinde ise, \u015farap satt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6y\u00fc yakt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Tefh\u00eemu\u2019l Kur\u2019an, M\u00e2ide, 90. \u00e2yetin tefsiri).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Hadis-i \u015eeriflerde \u0130\u00e7ki<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cHer sarho\u015fluk veren \u015fey \u2018hamr\u2019d\u0131r. Ve her hamr (sarho\u015f edici) haramd\u0131r. Kim d\u00fcnyada hamr i\u00e7er ve tevbe etmeden, onun tiryakisi oldu\u011fu halde tevbe etmeden \u00f6l\u00fcrse, \u00c2hirette (\u00c2hiret) \u015farab\u0131 (i\u00e7ece\u011fi) i\u00e7emez.\u201d<\/em> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, E\u015fribe 1, Edeb 80, Ahk\u00e2m 21, 22, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee 60; M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe 72-75, hadis no: 2003; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, E\u015fribe 5, hadis no: 3679; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, E\u015fribe 9, 13, 14; Muvatt\u00e2, E\u015fribe 11, hadis no: 846; Tirmiz\u00ee, E\u015fribe 1, hadis no: 1861; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 21-22, 40, 49, 53)<\/p>\n \u201c\u00dcmmetimden bir grup, \u2018hamr\u2019\u0131 (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ecekleri) kendi takt\u0131klar\u0131 bir adla hel\u00e2l k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/em>(D\u00e2rim\u00ee, E\u015fribe 8, hadis no: 2106)<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u00e7ki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d <\/em>(Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 44)<\/p>\n \u201c…\u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7me. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015ferlerin\/k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(\u0130bn M\u00e2ce, hadis no: 4034)<\/p>\n “… Sarho\u015fluk vereni i\u00e7meyin; her sarho\u015fluk vereni haram k\u0131ld\u0131m.” <\/em>(Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe: Tefs\u00eeru’l-Bit’i ve’l-Mizr<\/p>\n “… \u0130nsan\u0131 sarho\u015f edip namazdan al\u0131koyacak her i\u00e7ki haramd\u0131r.” <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe 70)<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7o\u011fu sarho\u015f eden \u015feyin az\u0131 da haramd\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(Tirmiz\u00ee, E\u015fribe 3; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, E\u015fribe 5; Nes\u00e2i, E\u015fribe 25)<\/p>\n \u201cHer kim zehir i\u00e7erek kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrse, cehennem ate\u015finde ebed\u00ee kalarak dtaima o zehri i\u00e7mekle me\u015fgul olacakt\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, T\u0131b 56; M\u00fcslim, \u0130man 175; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, T\u0131b 11; Tirmiz\u00ee, T\u0131b 7; Mes\u00e2\u00ee, Cen\u00e2iz 68; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, T\u0131b 11)<\/p>\n “Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ilac\u0131 da indirmi\u015ftir. Ve her hastal\u0131\u011fa bir ila\u00e7 var etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleyse ted\u00e2vi olun. Ancak haram olan \u015feyle ted\u00e2vi olmay\u0131n.” <\/em>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, T\u0131bb 11, hadis no: 3874)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cAllah sizin i\u00e7in haram k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda \u015fif\u00e2 yaratmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(T\u00e2c, c. 3, s. 212)<\/p>\n \u201cAlkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler dev\u00e2 de\u011fil; derttir.\u201d<\/em> (C\u00e2miu\u2019s Sa\u011f\u00eer, 1\/72)<\/p>\n \u201cAllah, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kileri i\u00e7en ki\u015fiye Cehennem\u2019de azab g\u00f6receklerin irinlerini i\u00e7irmeye and i\u00e7mi\u015ftir.\u201d <\/em>(T\u00e2c, c. 3, s. 145)<\/p>\n \u201cAllah’a ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne iman eden kimse, \u00fczerinde i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ilen sofraya\/masaya asla oturmas\u0131n!\u201d<\/em> (Tirmiz\u00ee, Edeb 43; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Et\u2019\u0131me 18)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cHamr (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ki ve uyu\u015fturucu) i\u00e7enin kalbinden iman nuru \u00e7\u0131kar.\u201d <\/em>(K\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc Sitte, cilt 8, s. 169)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u201c\u00dc\u00e7 ki\u015fi cennete giremez: Deyy\u00fbs (kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131skanmayan), erkekle\u015fen kad\u0131n ve i\u00e7ki d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc.\u201d<\/em> (K\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc Sitte, 8\/169)<\/p>\n \u201cAllah \u015faraba (alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilere), yapan\u0131na, yapt\u0131ran\u0131na, ta\u015f\u0131yan\u0131na, ta\u015f\u0131tan\u0131na, al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan\u0131na, paras\u0131n\u0131 yiyenine, kendisi i\u00e7in sat\u0131n al\u0131nan\u0131na, garsonuna ve i\u00e7enine l\u00e2net etti.\u201d<\/em> (Tirmiz\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 58; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, E\u015fribe 6; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, E\u015fribe 2)<\/p>\n “Zin\u00e2 eden, zin\u00e2 etti\u011fi anda m\u00fc’min de\u011fildir. H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k eden, \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda m\u00fc’min de\u011fildir. \u015earap i\u00e7en, i\u00e7ti\u011fi anda m\u00fc’min de\u011fildir.” <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Mez\u00e2lim 30, E\u015fribe 1; M\u00fcslim, \u0130man 100-104; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, S\u00fcnnet 15; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Kat’u’s-S\u00e2rik 1, Kas\u00e2me 49; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Fiten 3; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, E\u015fribe 11; Ahmed bin Hanbel, II\/317)<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7ilmesini yasaklayan Allah Z\u00fclcel\u00e2l, i\u00e7kinin al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, hadis no: 930)<\/p>\n “Allah bir \u015feyi haram k\u0131l\u0131nca, onun bedelini de haram k\u0131lar.” <\/em>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, B\u00fcy\u00fb’ 38, 63, 64)<\/p>\n “\u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah i\u00e7kiyi haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e2yeti (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90) haber al\u0131p da yan\u0131nda i\u00e7ki bulunan kimse, ondan i\u00e7mesin ve satmas\u0131n…”<\/em> (M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2k\u00e2t, 67; Buh\u00e2r\u0131, Meg\u00e2z\u00ee, 51; B\u00fcy\u00fb, 105, 112; M\u00fcslim, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 93; Fer’, 8; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 11; Ahmed bin Hanbel, II\/213, 362, 512, III\/217, 324, 326, 340)<\/p>\n \u201cHaramla beslenen v\u00fccut (cennete girmez;) ona ancak ate\u015f yara\u015f\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> (Mi\u015fk\u00e2tu\u2019l Mes\u00e2bih, hadis no: 2787; Ke\u015ffu\u2019l Haf\u00e2, hadis no: 2632)<\/p>\n “…Bir kimse ellerini sem\u00e2ya kald\u0131rarak: ‘Ya Rabbi, ya Rabbi, diye du\u00e2 eder. Halbuki, yedi\u011fi haram, i\u00e7ti\u011fi haram, giydi\u011fi haram, kendisi haramla beslenmi\u015f olursa, du\u00e2s\u0131 nas\u0131l kabul edilir?” <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 65; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eeru’l-Kur’an, 3173; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rikak 2720)<\/p>\n \u201cBilmi\u015f ol ki, haramdan g\u0131das\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir ete ancak ate\u015f evl\u00e2d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(Tirmiz\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t 429, hadis no: 609; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rikak 60, hadis no: 2779)<\/p>\n “\u00d6yle bir devir gelecek ki, insano\u011flu, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyin hel\u00e2lden mi, haramdan m\u0131 oldu\u011funa hi\u00e7 ald\u0131rmayacak.” <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb’ 7, 23; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb’ 2). Rez\u00een riv\u00e2yetinde \u015fu ziy\u00e2de vard\u0131r: “… B\u00f6yle kimselerin hi\u00e7bir du\u00e2s\u0131 kabul edilmez.” <\/em><\/p>\n \u201cSana \u015f\u00fcphe veren \u015feyi b\u0131rak, \u015f\u00fcphe vermeyeni yap! Do\u011fruluk g\u00f6n\u00fcl rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yalan ise ku\u015fkudur.\u201d <\/em>(Tirmiz\u00ee, S\u0131fatu\u2019l-K\u0131y\u00e2me 22, hadis no: 2637; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 50, hadis no: 5677; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 2, hadis no: 2535)<\/p>\n \u201cEy insanlar, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki Allah, Tayyib\u2019dir. Tayyibden (temiz, ho\u015f ve hel\u00e2l olandan)\u00a0 ba\u015fka bir \u015fey kabul etmez. Allah, m\u00fc\u2019minlere de, Rasullere emretti\u011fi \u015feyi emreder: \u2018Ey Rasuller, hel\u00e2l olan \u015feylerden yiyin ve s\u00e2lih amellerde bulunun. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ben, sizin yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilirim. <\/em>(23\/M\u00fc\u2019min\u00fbn, 51) ve \u201cEy iman edenler, size verdi\u011fimiz r\u0131z\u0131klar\u0131n tayyiblerinden (hel\u00e2l ve ho\u015f\/temiz olanlar\u0131ndan) yiyin.\u2019 <\/em>(2\/Bakara, 172) buyurmu\u015ftur.\u201d <\/em>dedi. Sonra devam etti: \u201cBir kimse (Hak yolunda) uzun sefere \u00e7\u0131kar, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, toza-topra\u011fa bulanm\u0131\u015f bir halde ellerini sem\u00e2ya kald\u0131rarak: \u2018Y\u00e2 Rabbi, Y\u00e2 Rabbi\u2019 diye du\u00e2 eder. Halbuki yedi\u011fi haram, i\u00e7ti\u011fi haram, giydi\u011fi haram, kendisi haramla beslenmi\u015f olursa, b\u00f6yle birinin du\u00e2s\u0131 nas\u0131l kabul edilir?\u201d <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t 65; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eerul\u2019l-Kur\u2019an 3, hadis no: 3173; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rikak 9, hadis no: 2720)<\/p>\n \u201cMuhakkak insanlara \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecek ki, o vakit ki\u015fi eline ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi mal\u0131 hel\u00e2ldan m\u0131, yoksa haramdan m\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyecektir.\u201d <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 35; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 2, hadis no: 4432; Dar\u00eem\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 5, hadis no: 2539) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cKimin \u00fczerinde din karde\u015finin \u0131rz\u0131, namusu veya mal\u0131yla ilgili bir zul\u00fcm varsa alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u00e2met g\u00fcn\u00fc gelmeden \u00f6nce o kimseyle hel\u00e2lle\u015fsin. Yoksa kendisinin s\u00e2lih amelleri vars\u0131, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcm miktar\u0131nca sevaplar\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r, (hak sahibine verilir.) \u015eayet iyilikleri yoksa, kendisine zul\u00fcm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karde\u015finin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan al\u0131narak onun \u00fczerine y\u00fckletilir.\u201d <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Mez\u00e2lim 10, Rikak 48)<\/p>\n \u201cHer m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u00f6teki m\u00fcsl\u00fcmana kan\u0131, \u0131rz\u0131 (n\u00e2musu) ve mal\u0131 haramd\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, Birr 32; Tirmiz\u00ee, Birr 18)<\/p>\n “Ku\u015flar\u0131 \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcp isimlerinden, seslerinden ve hareketlerinden m\u00e2n\u00e2lar \u00e7\u0131karmak, u\u011fursuzlu\u011fa inanmak, kum \u00fczerine \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izerek gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7\u0131karmak bir \u00e7e\u015fit sihir ve keh\u00e2nettir.” <\/em>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, T\u0131b 23; Ahmed bin Hanbel, III\/477, V\/60)<\/p>\n \u201cGer\u00e7ekten Allah, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kazanan m\u00fc\u2019min kulunu sever.\u201d<\/em> (\u0130bn Kesir, c. 4, s. 397)<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n yedi\u011fi \u015feylerin en temizi (hel\u00e2li), kendi kazanc\u0131ndan olan\u0131d\u0131r ve ki\u015finin \u00e7ocu\u011fu onun kazanc\u0131ndand\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 77, hadis no: 3528; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2re 1, hadis no: 2137-2138; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 1, hadis no: 4427-4430; Tirmiz\u00ee Ahk\u00e2m 22, hadis no: 1372; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 6, hadis no: 2540)<\/p>\n Enes bin M\u00e2lik (r.a.) \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: “Hamr haram edildi\u011fi zaman ben, Eb\u00fb Talha’n\u0131n evindeki bir toplulu\u011fa \u015farap sunuyordum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben onlar\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc idim. O g\u00fcn onlar\u0131n i\u00e7tikleri hamr, b\u00fcsr ve temr (kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131) idi. Birinin, ‘\u015earap haram k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131’ diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyduk. Medine sokaklar\u0131nda (\u015farap) akt\u0131. Eb\u00fb Talha bana ‘D\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k da bu d\u00f6k!’ dedi. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131p d\u00f6kt\u00fcm…” (M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe 41)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Tarih Boyunca \u0130\u00e7ki<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Do\u011fal bir olay olan mayalanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla alkol, ilk devirlerden itibaren biliniyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de, Hz. Yusuf\u2019un M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da hapiste iken r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki ki\u015fiden birinin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n saray\u0131nda \u015farap s\u00e2k\u00eesi oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (12\/Y\u00fbsuf, 41). Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feklinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kitab-\u0131 Mukaddes\u2019in de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde i\u00e7kinin zararlar\u0131na i\u015faret edilir (H\u00e2kimler, 13\/4-6, 14; Levililer, 10\/8-10; Luka, 1\/15). Ancak Kitap ehli, bira, \u015farap ve lik\u00f6r t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7kilere yemeklerinde ve baz\u0131 din\u00ee mer\u00e2simlerinde yer verirler, i\u00e7kinin kesin haram oldu\u011funu kabul etmezler. Eski T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde de i\u00e7kinin \u00f6nemli bir yeri olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkler \u015faraba s\u00fcci, bor, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r gibi adlar vermi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131nda, gelene\u011fi h\u00e2len devam eden, k\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fcnden \u201csaba\u201d denilen tulumlarda \u00f6zel bir mayalama us\u00fbl\u00fcyle yap\u0131lan \u201ck\u0131m\u0131z\u201d mill\u00ee bir i\u00e7ki olarak tel\u00e2kk\u00ee edilmektedir. T\u00fcrkler ayr\u0131ca ayran\u0131 uzun m\u00fcddet tulumlarda bekleterek bir t\u00fcr rak\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015flerdir. C\u00e2hiliye devri Araplar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcm ve hurmadan de\u011fi\u015fik i\u00e7kiler yap\u0131lmakta, ayr\u0131ca Suriye, Irak ve Yemen\u2019den Arabistan topraklar\u0131na i\u00e7ki getirilmekteydi.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019ten \u00f6ce i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyen ve onu haram kabul eden han\u00eefler de vard\u0131. Bununla birlikte bi\u2019setten sonra dahi i\u00e7kinin haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131na kadar Arap, yah\u00fbdi ve h\u0131ristiyan t\u00fcccarlar Medine\u2019de i\u00e7ki satmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130\u00e7kinin haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra da al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakamay\u0131p gizlice i\u00e7ki kullanan (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Edeb 45) veya a\u00e7\u0131ktan i\u00e7in kendilerine had uygulanan kimseler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Emev\u00eeler d\u00f6neminde refah seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin etkisiyle i\u00e7ki kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Yezid bin Mu\u00e2viye, Abd\u00fclmelik bin Mervan, Yezid bin Abd\u00fclmelik ve Velid bin Yezid gibi Emev\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ki kullanmalar\u0131 da bunda etkili oldu. \u00d6mer bin Abd\u00fclaziz i\u00e7kiyle m\u00fcc\u00e2dele etmi\u015ftir. Abb\u00e2si h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan H\u00e2d\u00ee \u0130lelhak, Emin, Me\u2019m\u00fbn, Mu\u2019tas\u0131m Bill\u00e2h, V\u00e2s\u0131k Bill\u00e2h ve M\u00fctevekkil Alellah i\u00e7kiye d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Fakat \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un da i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u00fczere H\u00e2run Re\u015fid gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenenler do\u011fru de\u011fildir (Mukaddime, s. 18). Mans\u00fbr ve M\u00fchted\u00ee Bill\u00e2h ise i\u00e7kiyle m\u00fcc\u00e2dele etmi\u015flerdir. Abb\u00e2s\u00ee d\u00f6nemi \u0130sl\u00e2m devletlerinin h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sarho\u015f olup akla gelmedik \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131klar yapanlar bulundu\u011fu gibi, ila\u00e7 i\u00e7in bile i\u00e7ki kullanmayan da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7o\u011fu pagan k\u00f6kenli antik dinlerde bir vecd arac\u0131 olarak din\u00ee bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip bulunan i\u00e7ki, \u00f6zellikle \u015f\u00e2manik karakterli dinlerde sarho\u015f edici \u00f6zelli\u011finin getirdi\u011fi kendinden ge\u00e7me hali dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u015f\u00e2man\u0131n \u00f6teki \u00e2lemle ili\u015fki(!) kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kutsal bir ara\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yah\u00fbdilik ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k gibi dinlerde ya haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da ise t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ve kesin bir \u015fekilde yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>\u0130\u00e7kinin Zararlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm emir ve yasaklar\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle Allah\u2019a itaat edip O\u2019nun r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in yerine getirilir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilir ki, Allah\u2019\u0131n bizim baz\u0131 \u015feyleri yap\u0131p baz\u0131 \u015feyleri terk etmemize hi\u00e7bir ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur. O\u2019nun emirlerine itaat, bizim i\u00e7in hem d\u00fcnya ve hem de \u00e2hiret a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flar. Yasaklad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler de bizim i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131na uymamak, \u00f6ncelikle ve en \u00f6nemli zarar olarak \u00e2hirette b\u00fcy\u00fck cez\u00e2s\u0131 olan bir su\u00e7tur. Kur\u2019an\u2019da i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n putlara tap\u0131nma (ens\u00e2b -dikili ta\u015flar-) yasa\u011f\u0131yla birlikte zikredilmesi (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90), i\u00e7ki haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derecesinin putlara tap\u0131nmaya denk olarak kabul edilebilece\u011fine del\u00e2let eder. Kur\u2019an, bunun \u00e7irkinli\u011fini; \u201c\u015feytan i\u015fi pislik\u201d olarak belirtir (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90). \u0130\u00e7kinin ayr\u0131ca toplumsal zararlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde belirten Kur\u2019an, i\u00e7ki ve kumar yoluyla \u015feytan\u0131n insanlar aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin sokmak istedi\u011fini (5\/M\u00e2ide, 91) a\u00e7\u0131klar. Peygamberimiz (s.a.s.) de, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7en kimsenin, tevbe etmeden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde \u00e2hiret \u015far\u00e2b\u0131ndan i\u00e7emeyece\u011fini belirtir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, E\u015fribe 1, Edeb 80, Ahk\u00e2m 21, 22, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee 60; M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe 72-75).<\/p>\n M\u00fc\u2019mini sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7kileri i\u00e7mekten al\u0131koyan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve mutlak otorite, sahip bulundu\u011fu iman\u0131d\u0131r. Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka sahte tanr\u0131lara ve putlara tapmak onun i\u00e7in ne ise, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi if\u00e2de eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Y\u00fcce Allah \u201ci\u00e7ki\u201d i\u00e7meyi \u201cputlara tapma\u201dya iz\u00e2fe etmek s\u00fbretiyle zikretmi\u015ftir (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90). \u0130man\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 dinamikleri m\u00fc\u2019min kimseye putlara itaat etmemeyi, onlardan korkmamay\u0131, onlar\u0131 sevmemeyi emretti\u011fi gibi, ayn\u0131 dinamikler Allah\u2019\u0131n koydu\u011fu i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131na tam bir itaat g\u00f6stermeyi de emreder. \u015eu hadis-i \u015ferif, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 ile iman aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde kurmaktad\u0131r: \u201c… \u015earap i\u00e7en, i\u00e7ti\u011fi anda m\u00fc’min de\u011fildir.” <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Mez\u00e2lim 30, E\u015fribe 1; M\u00fcslim, \u0130man 100-104)<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, sarho\u015fluk veren her \u015fey \u201chamr\u201d, yani T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6yleyi\u015fiyle \u201ci\u00e7ki\u201d kabul edilir. Ve her hamr\/i\u00e7ki, az da i\u00e7ilse, bir damla da al\u0131nsa, i\u00e7inde alkol miktar\u0131 az olan \u201cbira\u201d ve benzeri i\u00e7ecek de olsa; bir \u201crics -pislik-\u201dtir (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90). Kur\u2019an, Allah\u2019\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi temiz r\u0131z\u0131klardan yememizi emretmi\u015f, hab\u00ees\/pis olan yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecekleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (2\/Bakara, 172;\u00a07\/A\u2019r\u00e2f, 157). Ancak pislikler, pis \u015feyler, pis insanlar i\u00e7indir; onlar kendilerine hel\u00e2l k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z temiz g\u0131dalar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p pis \u015feyleri tercih ederler (24\/N\u00fbr, 26). Yedi\u011fi ve i\u00e7ti\u011fi haram olan, haramla beslenmi\u015f ki\u015filerin du\u00e2s\u0131 da kabul edilmeyecektir (M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t 65; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eerul\u2019l-Kur\u2019an 3; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rikak 9). Haramla beslenip g\u0131dalanan v\u00fccudun hakk\u0131 ise Cehennem ate\u015fidir (Tirmiz\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t 429; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rikak 60). \u201cAllah, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kileri i\u00e7en ki\u015fiye Cehennem\u2019de azab g\u00f6receklerin irinlerini i\u00e7irmeye and i\u00e7mi\u015ftir.\u201d <\/em>(T\u00e2c, c. 3, s. 145). Hadis-i \u015feriflerde Cennete giremeyece\u011fi belirtilen \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri,\u00a0 i\u00e7ki tiryakisidir (K\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc Sitte, 8\/169). Allah\u2019\u0131n l\u00e2netinin de i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ene, imal edenlere, ta\u015f\u0131yan, satana, garsonuna Allah\u2019\u0131n l\u00e2net etti\u011fini bildiren hadis-i \u015ferif (Tirmiz\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019 58; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, E\u015fribe 6), i\u00e7ki konusunda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan veya ge\u00e7imini \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde i\u00e7kiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yapanlara da Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmet nazar\u0131yla bakmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber verir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki, uyu\u015fturucu vb. sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyleri kullanan kimselerin kalbinden iman nurunun \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (K\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc Sitte, cilt 8, s. 169) bildiren Peygamberimiz, i\u00e7ki, bira vb. i\u00e7ilen ad\u0131na kahve de denilse, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n evdeki i\u00e7kili sofras\u0131 da olsa, meyh\u00e2ne cinsinden bu sofra veya masalara oturulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Tirmiz\u00ee, Edeb 43; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Et\u2019\u0131me 18). Baz\u0131 insanlar, i\u00e7inde alkol miktar\u0131 az oldu\u011fu veya az miktarda i\u00e7ilince sarho\u015f yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi gerek\u00e7elerle \u201cbira\u201dy\u0131 veya bir-iki kadeh i\u00e7meyi haram kabul etmeyebiliyor. Bu haram\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck hale getirir; Allah\u2019\u0131n haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir h\u00fckm\u00fc kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in insan\u0131 k\u00fcfre sokabilir. Peygamberimiz, sanki ta 14 as\u0131rdan bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde de\u015fifre eder: \u201c\u00dcmmetimden bir grup, \u2018hamr\u2019\u0131 (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ecekleri) kendi takt\u0131klar\u0131 bir adla hel\u00e2l k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/em>(D\u00e2rim\u00ee, E\u015fribe 8, hadis no: 2106)<\/p>\n Sarho\u015f eden \u015feyleri kullanman\u0131n ve kumar oynaman\u0131n haram olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2limlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi ile k\u00fcf\u00fcrd\u00fcr. E\u011fer Peygamber (s.a.s.) kumar oynayana de\u011fil de \u015farap i\u00e7ene had vurmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ise, bu, akl\u0131 gideren \u015farab\u0131n, ki\u015fiyi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na tec\u00e2v\u00fcz etme\u011fe de s\u00fcr\u00fckleme ihtimaline ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir. Allah’\u0131n el\u00e7isi, \u015farap i\u00e7ene, te’d\u00eeb ve ta’z\u00eer t\u00fcr\u00fcnden had vurmu\u015ftur. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, M\u00fcslim, Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud ve Tirmiz\u00ee Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.)’in \u015farap i\u00e7eni sopa ve ayakkab\u0131 ile d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc (veya d\u00f6vd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc) riv\u00e2yet ederler. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: “\u015earap i\u00e7en birisi, Allah’\u0131n el\u00e7isine getirildi. Ras\u00fblullah: “Onu d\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcz!” <\/em>dedi. Kimi eliyle, kimi ayakkab\u0131s\u0131 ile, kimi elbisesiyle vurdu. Adam d\u00f6n\u00fcp giderken baz\u0131lar\u0131 ona: ‘Allah seni peri\u015fan etsin!’ deyince Allah’\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.s.) buyurdu ki: “Hay\u0131r, \u00f6yle demeyin. Ona kar\u015f\u0131 siz de \u015feytana yard\u0131m etmeyin!” <\/em>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Hud\u00fbd11\/184-185)<\/p>\n Alkoll\u00fc \u015furuplardan ve ted\u00e2vi ama\u00e7l\u0131 da olsa Allah\u2019\u0131n haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 pisliklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak gerekir. Bu konudaki hadislerin z\u00e2hirine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bu t\u00fcr ila\u00e7lardan da sak\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131, ayn\u0131 cins ilac\u0131n alkols\u00fcz\u00fc tercih edilmeli veya en az\u0131ndan hayat\u00ee \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mayan bu t\u00fcr ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. “Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ilac\u0131 da indirmi\u015ftir. Ve her hastal\u0131\u011fa bir ila\u00e7 var etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleyse ted\u00e2vi olun. Ancak haram olan \u015feyle ted\u00e2vi olmay\u0131n.” <\/em>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, T\u0131b 11),\u00a0 \u201cAllah sizin i\u00e7in haram k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda \u015fif\u00e2 yaratmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(T\u00e2c, c. 3, s. 212), \u201cAlkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler dev\u00e2 de\u011fil; derttir.\u201d<\/em> (C\u00e2miu\u2019s Sa\u011f\u00eer, 1\/72). “Peygamber hab\u00ees (pis, zehir) ile ted\u00e2viden men etti.” (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, T\u0131b 11)<\/p>\n Bu hadislere ra\u011fmen, alkol\u00fcn ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda mezheb \u00e2limlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Kur’an’da; le\u015f, domuz eti gibi haram k\u0131l\u0131nan yiyecekler belirtildikten sonra, “Kim \u00e7\u00e2resiz kal\u0131r da bunlardan yemek zorunda kal\u0131rsa, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gitmeden, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na sald\u0131rmadan yedi\u011fi takdirde kendisine g\u00fcnah yoktur” <\/em>(5\/M\u00e2ide, 3) if\u00e2desiyle, zorunlu durumlarda bu haram \u015feylerden yenilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu if\u00e2de, alkol i\u00e7eren maddelerin ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki do\u011furgan bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr; her g\u00fcnah, ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcnaha kap\u0131 a\u00e7ar, ama i\u00e7kinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck\/g\u00fcnah kap\u0131lar\u0131 hem daha \u00e2cil a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r hem de kap\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. \u201c\u0130\u00e7ki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d <\/em>(Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe 44), \u201c…\u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7me. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015ferlerin\/k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>(\u0130bn M\u00e2ce, hadis no: 4034)<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ki, sadece i\u00e7ene zarar vermekle de kalmaz; \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7menin toplumsal ve psikolojik y\u00f6nleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7ki, bireyin \u00e2ilev\u00ee, sosyal ve meslek\u00ee fa\u00e2liyetlerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde aksatmaktad\u0131r. Alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 olan ki\u015filerde sinir sistemi i\u015flevinde bir\u00e7ok bozukluklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fizofreni ve duygusal bozukluklar meydana gelmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da, alkolik olan ki\u015finin; i\u015fini, \u00e2ilesini, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybedebildi\u011fi, alkolik kad\u0131nlarda ise, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc veya sakat do\u011furma ihtimalinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda streslere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 da tesbit edilmi\u015ftir (Do\u011fan C\u00fccelo\u011flu, \u0130nsan ve Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, Remzi Kitabevi, s. 471, 473). Kur\u2019an da, (her iki d\u00fcnyada da) kurtulu\u015fa ermek i\u00e7in i\u00e7ki ve kumardan uzak durmay\u0131 tavsiye etmektedir (5\/M\u00e2ide, 90).<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u00e7ki, hiddet ve \u00f6fkenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na etki eden en b\u00fcy\u00fck fakt\u00f6r olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sarho\u015f bir insan, sanki hi\u00e7 uygarla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f bir kimse gibi hareket eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7ki i\u00e7en bir kimsenin ak\u0131l i\u015flevi aksad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zlere dikkat edememekte ve hareketlerini kontrol alt\u0131na alamamaktad\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kendi kendini denetleyemez hale gelmekte ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yitirerek baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sergileyebilmektedir. Bu durum da, \u00e7evresindekileri rahats\u0131z etmekte ve toplumda bir kinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Kur\u2019an da, bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klara sebebiyet verdi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir: \u201c… \u015eeytan i\u00e7ki ve kumar yolu ile aran\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin sokmak ister…\u201d <\/em>(5\/M\u00e2ide, 91)<\/p>\n Toplumun temeli, fertler aras\u0131 nez\u00e2ket ba\u011flar\u0131na dayanmakta, hislerin ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bu ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7en bir kimse, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7medi\u011fi zamanlar, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu kini gizleyebilmekte ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k e\u011filimlerini frenleyebilmektedir. Ancak i\u00e7kinin bu gibi insanda zihinsel ve devinsel i\u015flevleri kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bozdu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ki\u015fili\u011fi menf\u00ee y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi, ferdi ku\u015fkucu ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sald\u0131rgan yaparak topluma kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi tesbit edilmi\u015ftir (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, a.g.e. s. 235-238).<\/p>\n Fahreddi R\u00e2z\u00ee, i\u00e7kinin akl\u0131 giderdi\u011fi ve onun yerine \u015fehvet ve gazab\u0131 h\u00e2kim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun da ki\u015fi ile toplum aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n meydana gelmesine sebebiyet verdi\u011fini, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ise, zamanla d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f ve cin\u00e2yete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc if\u00e2de etmektedir. Yap\u0131lan bir istatistikte, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme olaylar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren f\u00e2illerin \u00fc\u00e7te birinin kanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek oranda alkol bulunmu\u015fturd. Bu durum, Kur\u2019an\u2019da i\u00e7kinin zararlar\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren if\u00e2delerin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r (Hayati Ayd\u0131n, Kur\u2019an\u2019da \u0130nsan Psikolojisi, s. 304-305).<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir ted\u00e2vi edici \u00f6zelli\u011finin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 en yayg\u0131n madde olan alkol, insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketimi devlet taraf\u0131ndan bazen Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, bazen de glasnost \u00f6ncesi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. Alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve do\u011furdu\u011fu sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 ve bat\u0131l\u0131\u015fma yolundaki toplumlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli problemlerinden biridir. Alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda, trafik kazalar\u0131, intiharlar, su\u00e7a y\u00f6nelme, aile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, i\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131, meslek kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131mlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan toplumlara verdi\u011fi zararlar \u00e7ok boyutlu bir biyo-psikososyal sorun olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Al\u0131nan alkol\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k % 10\u2019u midede, kalan\u0131 ise ince ba\u011f\u0131rsaklarda emilerek k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kana kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. A\u00e7 karn\u0131na al\u0131nan alkol\u00fcn emilmesi daha h\u0131zl\u0131, tok karn\u0131na al\u0131nan\u0131nki daha yava\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kandaki alkol yo\u011funlu\u011funun en y\u00fcksek noktaya ula\u015fma s\u00fcresi 30-90 dakika aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Alkol emildikten sonra v\u00fccut \u00f6z\u00fcmleme fa\u00e2liyetine ge\u00e7erek kandaki alkol yo\u011funlu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 karaci\u011ferde yakarak su ve karbondiokside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrken kalan\u0131 da solunum ve idrar yoluyla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te v\u00fccut, asetaldehid birikmesi sonucu zehirlenme belirtileri g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol y\u00fcklenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 bir noktaya kadar kendini savunmakta ve mide yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131larla cidar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken arkas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatarak alkol\u00fcn ince ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011fa ge\u00e7ip kana kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekte, daha sonra da kusma refleksiyle onu d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmaktad\u0131r. Ancak yine de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme devam etti\u011finde alkol komas\u0131 ve arkas\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Alkol, merkez\u00ee sinir sistemi ve beyin \u00fczerine fizyolojik bask\u0131 yapar. \u0130\u00e7kinin beyni uyar\u0131c\u0131 etkisi oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f varsa da, bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Alkol al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ki\u015finin canlanmas\u0131, ne\u015felenmesi, beyindeki savunma ve kar\u015f\u0131 kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk anda bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. Bu durum, bir\u00e7ok kimseyi ve baz\u0131 hekimleri yan\u0131ltmakta ve az dozda al\u0131nan alkol\u00fcn uyar\u0131c\u0131 etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yanl\u0131\u015f bir kanaate yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Alkol zehirlenmesinin bir miktar ilerlemesiyle ki\u015finin bunal\u0131m\u0131 yat\u0131\u015fmakla birlikte kendini kontrol edemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; h\u00e2f\u0131za zay\u0131flar, dikkat toparlanamaz ve bas\u00eeret tamamen kaybolur. Kendine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcven kazanan ki\u015fi canl\u0131, ta\u015fk\u0131n ve giri\u015fkendir. Kontrols\u00fcz miza\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131 ve duygusal patlamalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar; bu psikolojik de\u011fi\u015fikliklere davran\u0131\u015f ve idr\u00e2k bozukluklar\u0131 da e\u015flik eder.<\/p>\n Ak\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7ki al\u0131nmas\u0131 genellikle uykuya dalmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsa da, alkol\u00fcn as\u0131l uyku \u00fczerinde ters etkisi vard\u0131r. Alkol, uykunun h\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6z hareketlerinin oldu\u011fu ve r\u00fcyalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemini etkileyerek derin uykuyu azalt\u0131r ve daha s\u0131k, daha uzun uyanma d\u00f6nemleriyle uyku par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 urtt\u0131r\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uykuya yard\u0131m etti\u011fi kanaati yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alkol zehirlenmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda \u015fah\u0131slar \u00e7ok konu\u015fkan ve ho\u015f sohbet veyat tam tersine i\u00e7e kapan\u0131k ve somurtkan, yahut h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n ve kavgac\u0131 ya da g\u00fclme ve a\u011flama n\u00f6betlerinin birbirini takip etti\u011fi bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergiler. Baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde alkol\u00fcn tesiri k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, yani alkol al\u0131m\u0131 onlar i\u00e7in zehirlenmenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda genellikle rahatlat\u0131c\u0131 ve ne\u015felendirici rol oynar. Fakat s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, problemlerini ve \u00f6fkelerini kontrol alt\u0131nda tuta\u0131bilen bu \u015fah\u0131slar, ilerleyen saatlerde alkol\u00fcn alkol\u00fcn kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 depresyona u\u011fratmas\u0131 ve bu arada savunma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 da y\u0131kmas\u0131 sonucunda daha s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00f6fkeli ve sald\u0131rgan olurlar; bu y\u00fczden beraber i\u00e7meye gitti\u011fi arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ki masas\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 az de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da \u00e7ok hafif etkisi olabilecek kadar az miktarda alkol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, hemen \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k derecesinde a\u011f\u0131r davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7ki i\u00e7menin ilk ve en\u00f6nemli yan etkisi karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Yine, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli kullanma mide, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar ve pankreasta a\u011f\u0131r bozukluklara, tansiyon y\u00fckselmesine ve kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczensiz hale gelmesine sebep olur. Ayr\u0131ca kan yap\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili sistemi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyerek karaci\u011fer, kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rs ak ve akci\u011fer gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli organlarda kanser riskini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Alkoliklerin % 10\u2019unda k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k ve alkole ba\u011fl\u0131 sirozu olan erkeklerin % 30-50\u2019sinde testis k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Genellikle otuz be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreyle fazla miktarda alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 h\u00e2f\u0131za bozukluklar\u0131 meydana gelir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131, ki\u015finin e\u015fine olan sevgi ve sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bu arada cinsel ilgisinin de giderek azal\u0131p kaybolmas\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle onu umursamaz ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 tav\u0131rlar tak\u0131nmas\u0131na, i\u00e7inde beliren k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k ve aldat\u0131lma duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle sergilemesine yol a\u00e7ar. \u00c7ok sinirli, huzursuz, al\u0131ngan, her \u015feyden \u015f\u00fcphe eden ve s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00f6fke patlamalar\u0131 g\u00f6steren bu ki\u015filerde \u00f6nceleri sadece sarho\u015fluk \u00e2n\u0131nda d\u0131\u015fa vurulan \u015f\u00fcphe, korku ve sald\u0131rgan davran\u0131\u015flar zamanla s\u00fcreklilik kazan\u0131p ger\u00e7ek bir hezeyan halini al\u0131r ve ki\u015finin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine ve hayat\u0131na h\u00e2kim olur. Hastalardaki aldat\u0131lma ve k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k hezeyanlar\u0131, \u015fahs\u0131n aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 sarsan ve bazen intihara veya adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye yol a\u00e7abilecek kadar tehlike arzeden, \u201calkol paranoyas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Son y\u0131llardaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ili\u015fkili zararlar\u0131n ve bozukluklar\u0131n sadece alkol\u00fc kullananlarla ve yeti\u015fkinlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gelecek nesilleri de etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bir alkolik kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olma riski % 35 gibi y\u00fcksek bir orandad\u0131r. Bu risk, anneleri i\u00e7ki i\u00e7en \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ana rahminde iken alkole m\u00e2ruz kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. Alkol ana rahmindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ve do\u011fum sonras\u0131 geli\u015fmeyi engeller; \u00e7ocukta zek\u00e2 gerili\u011fine, boy k\u0131sal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131na sebep olur.<\/p>\n Evliliklerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz\u00a0 bir gerilme ve tahribata yol a\u00e7an alkol, ailede sosyoekonomik problemlere yol a\u00e7abilir. S\u00fcrekli \u00e7eki\u015fme ve \u015fiddetle dolu bir aile atmosferi \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir rol oynar ve sarho\u015f anne babalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n onlarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek olu\u015ftururlar. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol alan ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u00fccuklar\u0131nda duygusal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ve davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fme riski \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu okulda da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamaz. Alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile antisosyal ki\u015filik geli\u015fmesi aras\u0131nda \u00e2\u015fik\u00e2r bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r ve bu durum, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta alkole ba\u015flayan gen\u00e7lerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Alkol, su\u00e7a y\u00f6nelimi ve sald\u0131rgan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131lar; ayr\u0131ca, ba\u015fka madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da k\u00f6r\u00fckler. Her y\u0131l, sadece alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcm meydana gelmektedir. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu otuz \u00fclkeyi kapsayan son ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re cin\u00e2yetlerin % 85\u2019i (% 60-70\u2019i aile i\u00e7ine d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr), tec\u00e2v\u00fczlerin % 50\u2019si, \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131n % 50\u2019si, e\u015flerini d\u00f6venlerin % 70\u2019i, i\u015fe gitmeyenlerin % 60\u2019\u0131 ve ak\u0131l hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n % 40-50\u2019si (bu oran bizzat alkol kullananlarla ilgilidir; onlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklarda akl\u00ee \u00e2r\u0131zalar % 90\u2019lardad\u0131r) alkolden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Son y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fel\u00e2kete g\u00f6t\u00fcren alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilere \u00e2it verilen haberler korkun\u00e7tur. Rusya\u2019da y\u0131lda bir milyon ki\u015fi, alkole ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6lmektedir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, gen\u00e7 ve orta ya\u015ftaki insanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin % 25\u2019i alkolden olmaktad\u0131r. ABD Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131, Kongreye verdi\u011fi raporda a\u011f\u0131z, g\u0131rtlak, akci\u011fer, karaci\u011fer kanserlerinde alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin birinci s\u0131rada sorumlu oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. D\u00fcnya sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, su\u00e7lar\u0131n % 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n alkoll\u00fc kimseler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flendi\u011fini, \u0131rza ge\u00e7me olaylar\u0131nda bu oran\u0131n % 85\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine, yap\u0131lan istatistikler bir alkoli\u011fin neslinden gelenlerin % 30 su\u00e7lu, % 45 ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve bu zarar\u0131n be\u015f ku\u015fak s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kinin hafifi, kuvvetlisi olmaz. D\u00fcnya Alkolle M\u00fccadele Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re alkoliklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015fe bira ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin yery\u00fcz\u00fcne b\u00f6yle s\u00fcratli yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi biran\u0131n kolayca meydana getirdi\u011fi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7kinin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na olumsuz etkilerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce onun kimyasal birka\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fini bilmek gerekiyor. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, alkol temel bir eriticidir. \u00d6zellikle ya\u011flar\u0131 eritir. Besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise bir sentez \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil; bir ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Temel besin maddesi \u015fekerin, bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yani yenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, art\u0131k bir kimyasal maddedir. Bu \u00f6zellikleri sebebiyle insan v\u00fccudunda alkol zararl\u0131 bir kimyasal madde kabul edilir ve karaci\u011fer tarafu\u0131ndan hemen yak\u0131l\u0131p bozulur (detoksike). \u015eu halde baz\u0131 alkol sempatizanlar\u0131n\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi giibi alkol kesinlikle besin de\u011fildir. V\u00fccuda girince t\u00fcm besinlerin aksine, kontrol edilmeden yanar. (Bakara s\u00fbresinin 219. \u00e2yetinde i\u015faret edilen z\u00e2hir\u00ee yarar bu olabilir.)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/sup><\/a> Musa Tosun, TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, c. 21, s. 462-463.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Alkol\u00fcn \u0130nsan V\u00fccuduna Etkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130nsan v\u00fccuduna alkol\u00fcn etkisine gelince:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>1) Alkol\u00fcn Sindirim Sistemine Etkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Alkol\u00fcn zararl\u0131 etkisi a\u011f\u0131zdan ba\u015flar. Normalde a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6zel canl\u0131 bir ortam vard\u0131r (flora). Bu ortam, mikroplar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e2zam\u00ee derecede zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte alkol bu floray\u0131 bozdu\u011fundan di\u015f etlerinin kolayca mikroplan\u0131p kronik iltihaplanmas\u0131na sebep olur. Bu y\u00fczden alkol al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlarda di\u015fler \u00e7abuk \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n A\u011f\u0131zdan sonra, yutak ve yemek borusu gelmektedir. Bu iki organ birbirinin devam\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok zor g\u00f6revler g\u00f6r\u00fcr; \u00e7ok duyarl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 zar\u0131 vard\u0131r (mukoza). \u0130\u015fte, alkol, bu iki organ\u0131n da i\u00e7 y\u00fczlerini tahri\u015f eder, dayan\u0131ks\u0131z hale getirir. Bu organlar\u0131n kanserlerinde alkol, kesinlikle sorumlu tutulmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim\u00a0 \u00f6zellikle 1980 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren a\u011f\u0131r alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerle m\u00fcc\u00e2delede kanser merkezleri \u00e7ok ciddi ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Alkol\u00fcn midede devaml\u0131 gastrit yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Yemek borusu ve yutak kanserlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, kesinlik kazanmamakla birlikte, mide kanserine de alkol\u00fcn yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaati h\u00e2kimdir. Alkol, \u00e7ok ince kimyasal i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 12 parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131na en a\u011f\u0131r etkileri yapar; onun salg\u0131 d\u00fczenini, kimyasal duyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozar. Alkol, sindirim olay\u0131n\u0131n merkezi say\u0131lan bu organ\u0131 bozarken safra salg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da alt\u00fcst eder. B\u00fct\u00fcn alkoliklerin 12 parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131 ve safra kesesi hastad\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan d\u00fczensiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve safrad\u0131r. Bu hal \u015fiddetli gaz \u015feklinde, her alkoli\u011fin kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00fczensizlik, t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 etkiledi\u011finden, devaml\u0131 alkol kullananlarda sindirim sisteminin d\u00fczen ve komp\u00fcter \u00e2hengi bozulmu\u015ftur. Normal v\u00fccut, sindirim sistemine verdi\u011fi \u00f6zel t\u00e2limatla kendine yararl\u0131 olan\u0131 sindirdi\u011fi halde; devaml\u0131 alkol alanlarda bu kontrol kalkm\u0131\u015f ve sindirim kontrols\u00fcz y\u00fcr\u00fcr hale gelmi\u015ftir. Alkol\u00fcn zahir\u00ee bir faydas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fi\u015fmanlatmas\u0131, bu kontrols\u00fcz sindirimden do\u011far. Halk aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok is\u00e2betli bir tan\u0131mla bu \u015fi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa kof \u015fi\u015fmanl\u0131k denir. Ger\u00e7ekte \u00f6yledir. Zira, bu bilin\u00e7siz sindirim, h\u00fccre aras\u0131nda ya\u011f depo etmekten \u00f6te ge\u00e7emez; hatta bu ya\u011f birikimi bazen kalp kaslar\u0131na da yans\u0131r. Kalp ya\u011flanarak, tehlikeli problemlere yol a\u00e7ar. \u015e\u00fcphesiz alkol\u00fcn en vahim etkisi karaci\u011fer \u00fczerinedir. Karaci\u011fer her alkol molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc zehir kabul eden hassas bir laboratuvard\u0131r. Alkol\u00fcn karaci\u011fer \u00fczerine etkisi iki y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr: 1- Karci\u011fer h\u00fccreleri alkol\u00fc tahrip etmek i\u00e7in bu g\u00f6reve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kal\u0131p di\u011fer g\u00f6revlerini ihmal eder. 2- Karaci\u011ferin birbirinden hassas kimyasal i\u015flemleri, alkol\u00fcn kontrols\u00fcz m\u00fcd\u00e2halesiyle bozulur. Bu y\u00fczden karaci\u011fer bir i\u015flemi defalarca yapmak zorunda kalarak, ileri derecede yorulur.<\/p>\n Bu etkiler, karaci\u011ferde \u00e7ok olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar meydana getirir. Bunlar\u0131n en me\u015fhuru alkol sirozudur. Siroz, karaci\u011fer tahribinin tam olu\u015f belgesidir. Ancak alkol alanlar, \u201cben siroz olmuyorum\u201d diye teselli bulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha tehlikelisi, alkol\u00fcn karaci\u011ferin g\u00f6revlerini tek tek aksat\u0131p yok etmesidir. Bunlardan ilki, kan yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken maddelerin karaci\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 ve bu g\u00f6revin ileri derecede aksamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden b\u00fct\u00fcn alkol kullananlar kans\u0131zd\u0131r. Y\u00fcz damarlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemi\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle y\u00fczleri kanl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclse de kemil ili\u011fi harapt\u0131r. Yine karaci\u011ferde alkol alanlarda yeterince korunma maddesi yap\u0131lamaz. Bu y\u00fczden alkol kullananlarda, hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 genel bir dayan\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Alkol bazen h\u0131zl\u0131 karaci\u011fer ifl\u00e2slar\u0131 olu\u015fturur ki, bu durumda alkol alan kimse, karaci\u011fer komas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr. Karaci\u011ferle ilgili hi\u00e7bir olay yoktur ki, alkolden zararl\u0131 etki g\u00f6rmesin.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>2) Alkol\u00fcn Dola\u015f\u0131m Sistemine Etkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Alkol\u00fcn dola\u015f\u0131m sistemine etkisi karaci\u011fere etkisi ile hem dolayl\u0131 yoldan, hem kalp kas\u0131na etkisi de iki y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kandaki ya\u011fl\u0131 bes in maddelerinin yanmas\u0131na ba\u015f rol\u00fc oynayan karaci\u011ferin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe u\u011framas\u0131, damarlar\u0131n sertle\u015fmesine, tansiyonun y\u00fckselmesine sebep olur. Di\u011fer yandan, alkol h\u0131zl\u0131 yanarak dola\u015f\u0131m debisi denilen\u00a0 ak\u0131m\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemini bozar ve kalbi yorar. Ayr\u0131ca alkol, kalpte ya\u011flanma yaparak ve sinir sistemine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki yolu ile de kalbi cidd\u00ee \u015fekilde bozar. Alkoliklerin sonunda ya sirozla ya kalp yetmezli\u011fiyle \u00f6ld\u00fckleri bilinmektedir. \u00c7e\u015fitli sebeplerle dola\u015f\u0131m problemleri olanlar\u0131n bir damla alkol almalar\u0131 bile hayat\u0131 hi\u00e7e saymak demektir.<\/p>\n Dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin nih\u00e2\u00ee bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc say\u0131lan b\u00f6brekler de alkolden fevkal\u00e2de zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Zira b\u00f6brekler s\u00fczme i\u015flemini \u00e7ok hassas kimyasal de\u011ferlerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Alkol b\u00f6breklerin bu hassas \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da alt\u00fcst eder. \u00d6zellikle az alkol, bu i\u015flemleri daha \u015fiddetle bozar. Devaml\u0131 bira i\u00e7enlerin b\u00f6brekleri mutlaka \u00e2r\u0131zalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n V\u00fccudun en \u00f6nemli sistemlerinden biri olan lenf (beyaz kan damarlar\u0131) sistemi, alkolden \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Zira bu sistemin yap\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u011f bile\u015fikleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Alkol\u00fcn ya\u011f bile\u015fiklerine olan olumsuz etkisi, bu h\u00e2rika korunma sistemini tahrip etmektedir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>3) Alkol\u00fcn Sinir Sistemine Etkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Alkol, kal\u0131n ya\u011f barajlar\u0131 ile korunan sinir sisteminin h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak sistemin elektriksel ileti\u015fimini bozar. Bu etki, iki tarzda kendini g\u00f6sterir. Birincisi, sarho\u015fluk dedi\u011fimiz \u00e2n\u00ee etkidir. Ancak bundan daha tehlikeli olan\u0131 kronik etkidir. Alkol, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn sinir sistemini tahrip ederek onda saymakla bitmeyen hastal\u0131klar do\u011furur. \u00dcstelik alkol\u00fcn ilk etkisi yava\u015f, hatta belirsiz de ge\u00e7se, bu kronik etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cben sarho\u015f olmuyorum, alkole dayan\u0131kl\u0131y\u0131m\u201d iddi\u00e2s\u0131 tamamen bir tesellidir. Bu etki, gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda, hele \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda fevkal\u00e2de vahimdir. Alkol, sinir sisteminde polinevrit, alkol cinneti, korsakof sendromu gibi bilinen hastal\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli merkezlerde tel\u00e2fisi g\u00fc\u00e7 tahripler yapmaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2f\u0131za kayb\u0131 ve ellerdeki titremeler bu tahribat\u0131n habercileridir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>4) Alkol\u00fcn Soya Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Etkiler:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Alkol, ya\u011f eritici g\u00fcc\u00fc ile cinsiyet h\u00fccrelerine de ge\u00e7mekte ve onda onar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 sakatl\u0131klar do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Gelecek nesillerde \u00e7e\u015fitli zek\u00e2 gerilikleri, kas yetersizlikleri en bilinen \u00f6rnekleridir. Yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ruh hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n anne ve babalar\u0131n\u0131n alkolik oldu\u011fu tesbit edilmektedir. Alkol\u00fcn, soya \u00e7ekimde, yumurta h\u00fccresini daha kolay tahrip etti\u011fi tesbit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden alkolik annelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na hemen hemen daima bir irsiyet (soya \u00e7ekim) sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Baban\u0131n alkolik olmas\u0131 da yine y\u00fczde otuzdan fazla problem olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>5) Alkol\u00fcn Psikososyal Etkileri:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Toplum dengesi ve d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alkol\u00fcn ne denli zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Biz bu etkilerin en \u00f6nemlilerini s\u0131ralamak istiyoruz:<\/p>\n Alg\u0131nl\u0131k nedeni ile toplumun fertlerini devaml\u0131 kavgaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir.<\/p>\n Aile d\u00fczenini y\u0131kmakta, sonu gelmeyen bo\u015fanmalar, topluma ters \u00e7ocuklar, t\u00fcm toplumu sarsmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Alkol\u00fcn verdi\u011fi uyu\u015fukluk, tembellik, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmakta, toplumun \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n Fertlerde yayg\u0131n bir umursamazl\u0131k meydana getirmektedir. Bunun sonucu mill\u00ee kayg\u0131lar, birlik ve toplumdaki dertlere kar\u015f\u0131 direnme kaybolmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6rt husus, Bat\u0131l\u0131 sosyologlar\u0131 \u00f6ylesine kayg\u0131land\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, alkol\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 halinde mill\u00ee \u015fuurlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kece\u011finden duyduklar\u0131 korkular\u0131 t\u00fcm devlet kademelerine yans\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, hi\u00e7bir toplumun, hi\u00e7bir fikir ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcc\u00e2deleye ces\u00e2ret edemedi\u011fi toplumlar\u0131 kemiren bu derdi, kestirip atm\u0131\u015f, as\u0131rlar boyu m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131 bu illetten korumu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc Higiyon (H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha) bilim adam\u0131 Ord. Prof. Hirch, kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cMeden\u00ee Amerika\u2019n\u0131n 15 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctemedi\u011fi i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2miyet 14 as\u0131r ba\u015far\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, insanlar\u0131 ve medeniyeti \u00e7ok \u00f6nce yok olmaktan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/sup><\/a> Hal\u00fbk Nurbaki, \u0130sl\u00e2m Dininin \u0130nsan Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Verdi\u011fi \u00d6nem, s. 76-85.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Alkol\u00fc B\u0131rakmak:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Alkolizm ted\u00e2visinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmek i\u00e7in, ki\u015finin durumunu kabullenmesi, alkol\u00fc b\u0131rakmaya kesin kararl\u0131 ve ted\u00e2vi i\u00e7in istekli olmas\u0131 gerekir. Hasta, alkol\u00fc b\u0131rakmay\u0131 istemedi\u011fi halde, e\u015finin veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n arzusu yahut bask\u0131s\u0131 ile ya da alkolle ili\u015fkili birbozuklu\u011fun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sebebiyle doktora gitti\u011finde ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 \u00e7ok daha az olmakta, zoraki ted\u00e2vi o ki\u015fiyi ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre alkolden uzak tutmaktan ba\u015fka bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan ted\u00e2vi, alkol\u00fcn kesinlikle ve tam anlam\u0131yla terkedilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az veya kontroll\u00fc i\u00e7mesi diye bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu yoktur; bunun aksini savunmak, hastan\u0131n da hekimin de kendini aldatmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bug\u00fcn alkolle m\u00fcc\u00e2delenin en etkili yolunun alkole hi\u00e7 ba\u015flamamak oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Bu sebeple, ki\u015finin kendine ve \u00e7evresine zarar vermeden m\u00e2kul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde(!) alkol kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p onaylanmas\u0131 belki de insanlar\u0131 alkolizme g\u00f6t\u00fcren en etkili yol ve entehlikeli tuzakt\u0131r. Zira b\u00fct\u00fcn teorik yakla\u015f\u0131mlara ra\u011fmen alkole ba\u015flayan kimselerden kimin kontroll\u00fc i\u00e7me a\u015famas\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 ve kimin alkolik olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden kestirilememektedir. Alkolikler sadece alkol kullananlar aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, alkolizmi \u00f6nlemenin en kesin yolu alkol\u00fcn ilk kadehini a\u011fza s\u00fcrmemektir.<\/p>\n Ki\u015fi ve toplumu alkolden uzak tutacak tedbirleri almadan ve insanlar\u0131 alkolizme g\u00f6t\u00fcren sebepleri ortadan kald\u0131rmadan, yani batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurutmadan ve insanlara Allah korkusunu vermeden sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez. Ki\u015finin m\u00e2nev\u00ee de\u011ferlerini geli\u015ftirip kendi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin koymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Dinin koruyucu rol\u00fc her\u015feyden daha etkilidir. Nitekim \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da i\u00e7kinin kesin olarak haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 sebebiyle, gerek devletin alkol\u00fc yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekse yasaklamad\u011f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fclkelerinde alkolizm oran\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7menin g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funa inanan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na bir damla bile alkol koymazlar. G\u00fcnah oldu\u011funa inanmakla birlikte, kendini tutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek alkol alan m\u00fcs l\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da \u00e7o\u011fu Ramazan ay\u0131 gelince i\u00e7kiyi b\u0131rak\u0131r; bunlar oru\u00e7 tutmasalar bile o ay hi\u00e7 i\u00e7mezler; bu da i\u00e7kiden kurtulmak i\u00e7in iyi bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r. \u0130nsano\u011flunun kesin isteyip de kurtulamayaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, tutsakl\u0131k yoktur. B\u0131rakmak isteyen, mutlaka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulacakt\u0131r. Z\u00e2ten i\u00e7ki ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve benzerleri terkedilemeyecek bir \u015fey olmu\u015f olsa, Allah\u2019\u0131n bunu b\u0131rakt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir anlam\u0131 olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201cHamr (sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ecekler), kumar, dikili ta\u015flar (putlar, putla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan heykeller), fal ve \u015fans oklar\u0131 birer \u015feytan i\u015fi pisliktir; bunlardan uzak durun ki kurtulu\u015fa eresiniz… Art\u0131k (bunlardan) vazge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u201d <\/em>(5\/M\u00e2ide, 90-91).<\/p>\n Unutmayal\u0131m ki, Allah, kimseye zerre kadar zulmetmez ve kimsenin s\u0131rt\u0131na kald\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00fcklemez.<\/p>\n \u201c… Bir \u015feyi yapmay azmetti\u011fin, karar verdi\u011fin zaman Allah\u2019a tevekk\u00fcl et\/g\u00fcven…\u201d <\/em>\u20183\/\u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 159)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a>Uyu\u015fturucu Maddeler<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sinir sistemini uyu\u015fturan ve b\u00f6ylece ki\u015finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve muhakeme melekesini yok eden maddelere uyu\u015fturucu maddeler denir. S\u00fcrekli uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanan kimselerde bu maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k meydana gelir. \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli uyu\u015fturucu madde vard\u0131r. Bunlar; alkol, morfin, eroin, kokain, afyon, eter, esrar gibi maddelerdir. Yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar ve uyku ila\u00e7lar\u0131 da uyu\u015fturucu maddelerindendir.<\/p>\n Uyu\u015fturucu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal problemlerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Materyalist ve kapitalist toplumlarda, sistemlerin \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyal problemler, insanlar\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin tutsa\u011f\u0131 haline getirmektedir.<\/p>\n En yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan uyu\u015fturucu maddeler, alkol i\u00e7eren i\u00e7kilerdir. Gayri \u0130slam\u00ee toplumlarda bu t\u00fcr i\u00e7kiler ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Di\u011fer uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde su\u00e7 kabul edilmi\u015f ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu cezalar, uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal bir felaket haline gelmesini engelleyememi\u015ftir. Bunun sebebi, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumlar\u0131n ya\u015fam felsefelerinin insanlar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara itecek uygun ortamlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Manev\u00ee bo\u015fluk, ideal yoksunlu\u011fu ve bu yolda yap\u0131lan etkinler, sosyal felaketlere yol a\u00e7an, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 delilik, hatta intihara s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen uyu\u015fturucu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Uyu\u015fturucuya m\u00fcptela olan kimseler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc insan\u00ee de\u011ferlerini kaybederek uyu\u015fturucu madde ticareti yapanlar\u0131n k\u00f6lesi haline gelmektedirler. Kar\u015f\u0131 konulmaz bir ihtiya\u00e7 haline gelen uyu\u015fturucuyu temin edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7arp\u0131nan bu kimseler, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmakta, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fiddet eylemlerine giri\u015fmekte, cinayetler i\u015flemektedirler. Ki\u015fiyi r\u00fbhen ve bedenen \u00e7ok s\u00fcratli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6kertip mahveden uyu\u015fturucu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi son derece g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Tedavi g\u00f6r\u00fcp iyile\u015fti\u011fi kabul edilenlerin tekrar normal hayata d\u00f6n\u00fcp topluma uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131 imkans\u0131z olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, toplumu, ifsad edecek, huzurunu bozacak, onu sosyal bunal\u0131mlara itecek her \u015feyi ta ba\u015f\u0131ndan yasaklayarak gerekli d\u00fczenlemeleri yapmakta ve b\u00f6ylece insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin pen\u00e7esine d\u00fc\u015fmekten kurtarmaktad\u0131r. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, sarho\u015fluk veren alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kileri haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu harama riayet etmeyenler i\u00e7in cezalar koymu\u015ftur. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler yan\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 uyu\u015fturup ak\u0131l ve muhakeme kabiliyetlerini yok eden di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 da haram kabul edilmi\u015f ve \u015fiddetle yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kimyev\u00ee uyu\u015fturucular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan uyu\u015fturucu, esrar (hind keneviri). Bunun i\u00e7indir ki, \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genelde b\u00fct\u00fcn uyu\u015fturucular\u0131n haram oldu\u011funu kabul ederken, konu i\u00e7erisinde esrara daha fazla yer vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Esr\u00e2r, “cannabis sativa” denilen boyu 1-3 m. uzunlu\u011funda \u0131l\u0131man iklimde yeti\u015fen ve halk aras\u0131nda “Hint keneviri” ad\u0131yla bilinen y\u0131ll\u0131k yabani bir bitkinin g\u00f6vde ve yapraklar\u0131yla \u00e7i\u00e7ek k\u0131sm\u0131ndan elde edilen bir uyu\u015fturucudur. Etken maddesi “Tetrahydrocannabinol” olan esrar, en eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bilinen ve kullan\u0131lan bir uyu\u015fturucudur. M.\u00d6. 2737 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in’de yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir eserde kenevirin fiziksel ve ruhsal etkilerinden bahsedilerek baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir. Esrar\u0131 do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcnl\u00fc Venedikli gezgin Marco Polo (1254-1324)’dur. \u0130bn Sina (980-1037) kenevire “k\u0131nnap” ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f ve bu bitkiyi incelemi\u015ftir. Kenevir ve ha\u015fha\u015f yeti\u015ftiren ve tedavide bunlar\u0131 kullanan S\u00fcmerler, Asurlular, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, Romal\u0131lar, Yunanl\u0131lar ve \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu bitki \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 12-13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130smailiye mezhebine mensup Hasan Sabbah d\u00fcnya cenneti kurmak amac\u0131yla m\u00fcritlerine esrar i\u00e7irtmi\u015f ve onlara korkun\u00e7 cinayetler i\u015fletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Evliya \u00c7elebi \u0130stanbul’da esnaf-\u0131 benk\u00e7iyan ad\u0131 verilen esrar d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 bulundu\u011funu zikretmi\u015ftir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul’da bir dirhem esrar bir kuru\u015fa sat\u0131l\u0131yordu ve gerek zenginler aras\u0131nda gerekse fakirler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00dcretim ve t\u00fcketimi yasaklanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada gizlice al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan esrar en yayg\u0131n uyu\u015fturuculardan biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Esrar az miktarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7inde tatl\u0131 hayallar, halk aras\u0131nda esrar dalgas\u0131 denilen h\u00fclyalar do\u011furur, fazlaca al\u0131nan esrar ise dalg\u0131n bir uyku hali, ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131klara varan ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar meydana getirir. \u0130\u00e7ine beng otu veya tatula kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p macun haline getirilerek veya sigara i\u00e7ine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak t\u00fcketimi yayg\u0131n olan esrar Arap\u00e7a “ha\u015fi\u015f” denilen olgun Hint keneviri yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n kalburdan ge\u00e7irilmesiyle veya roe\u015fin ceket giyerek olgun kenevir tarlas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu bitkiye s\u00fcrt\u00fcnerek dola\u015fanlar\u0131n ceketine yap\u0131\u015fan re\u00e7ineli k\u0131llar\u0131n kaz\u0131nmas\u0131yla da elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n 19 \u015eubat 1920 ve m\u00fckeakip tarihlerde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan Cenevre Afyon Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n I. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda herhangi bir isim alt\u0131nda ticarete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak re\u00e7inesi al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f kenevirin kurumu\u015f di\u015fi organlar\u0131yla \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmi\u015f veya meyvelenmi\u015f \u00e7i\u00e7ek yataklar\u0131na Hint keneviri denilir. Bu tarif kenevirin belli \u00e7e\u015fidinden \u00e7ok, onun baz\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131 ima etmekte ve b\u00f6ylece herhangi bir kenevir \u00e7e\u015fidinde esrar maddesinin bulunabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (T\u00fcrk Ansiklopedisi, XV, 348-349: \u0130bn Abidin, Reddil’l Muhtar, Terceme, A. Davudo\u011flu, XVI, 72-79).<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m’da sarho\u015fluk veren “i\u00e7ki”ler yan\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uyu\u015fturucu yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlarda da sarho\u015f edici \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. \u00c2yet-i kerimede: “Ey inananlar! \u0130\u00e7ki, kumar, putlar ve fal oklar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz, \u015feytan i\u015fi pisliklerdir. Bunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ki, kurtulu\u015fa eresiniz”<\/em> (5\/M\u00e2ide 90) ve hadislerde genel olarak sarho\u015fluk veren s\u0131v\u0131 veya kat\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerin i\u00e7ilmesi, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Sarho\u015fluk veren her i\u00e7ki haramd\u0131r”<\/em> (Buh\u00e2ri, V\u0131rd\u00fb, 81, E\u015fribe 4, 10; M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe, 67-68); “\u00c7o\u011fu sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feyin az\u0131 da haramd\u0131r”<\/em> (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, E\u015fribe, 5: Tirmiz\u00ee, E\u015fribe, 3); “Her sarho\u015fluk veren fey i\u00e7ki (hamr) h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir ve her sarho\u015fluk veren fey haramd\u0131r.” <\/em>(M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe, 7375; Buhar\u00ee, Edeb, 80).<\/p>\n Esrar, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Tatar istilas\u0131na u\u011fran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fcctehidin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde esrardan s\u00f6z edilmemesi, onun o zamanlar bilinmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Sonraki mezhep imamlar\u0131 esrar\u0131n haram oldu\u011funa dair fetvalar vermi\u015fler ve onu satan\u0131n te’dib olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdir (\u0130bn Abidin, a.g.e., XVI, 77; Yusuf el-Kardav\u00ee, \u0130sl\u00e2m’da Helal ve Haram, Trc: Mustafa Varl\u0131, Ankara 1970, 85-87)..<\/p>\n Esrar ve di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn uyu\u015fturucu maddeler ayn\u0131 i\u00e7ki gibi ki\u015fiyi Allah’\u0131n zikrinden ve namazdan al\u0131koyar. Bu maddelerin haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7kinin haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha hafiftir. Bu y\u00fczden esrar i\u00e7ene had cezas\u0131 uygulanmaz, tazir cezas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. \u0130bn Vehba’n\u0131n, el-Vehbaniyye adl\u0131 manzum eserinin \u015ferhini yapan e\u015f-\u015eurunbulal\u00ee (\u00f6. 1069\/1658) ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015ferhin “haram ve m\u00fcbah; hazr ve ib\u00e2ha” k\u0131sm\u0131nda esrar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukuna yans\u0131yan h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu \u015fiirinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Esrar\u0131n haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yak\u0131lmas\u0131na fetva verdiler.\/Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131ls\u0131n i\u00e7ilmesin diye, b\u00f6yle bir kimsenin bo\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erli sayd\u0131lar.\/Onun sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na tedib cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fckleri gibi, fas\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da tesbit ettiler.\/Onu helal sayan\u0131n da z\u0131nd\u0131k oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131lar” (\u0130bn \u00c2bidin, a.g.e., XVI, 72-73).<\/p>\n Argoda di\u015f, dalga, ot, fin, sank\u0131z, ampes c\u0131\u011faral\u0131k, cuk, gonca, hurda, kaynar toprak, nefes, minare g\u00f6lgesi, davul tozu gibi adlar\u0131 olan esrar, psikoaktif maddelerden biridir. Keyif verici, uyar\u0131c\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkileri sebebiyle kullan\u0131lmakta; ancak ruhsal, davran\u0131\u015fsal, geli\u015fimsel bozukluklara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Halbuki insanlar\u0131 iyiye, do\u011fruya, en g\u00fczele g\u00f6t\u00fcren \u0130sl\u00e2m dini, b\u00fct\u00fcn zararl\u0131 \u015feyleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yili\u011fi emreden ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten al\u0131koyan \u0130sl\u00e2m, uyu\u015fuklu\u011fu, gev\u015feme ve bilin\u00e7 bozuklu\u011funu, tabii olmayan uyar\u0131lmay\u0131 caiz g\u00f6rmez. Bilinci karartan esrar kullan\u0131m\u0131nda zaman ve yer alg\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fip, insan\u0131n tabi\u00ee ve fatn tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fc bozuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u0131yas yoluyla bu maddenin vb. nin haram oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmedilerek, kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bu maddeler yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan \u00fcretilip, el alt\u0131ndan sat\u0131lmakta ve gizlice kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir zamanlar hippi denilen gen\u00e7lik gruplar\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fcler uyu\u015fturucusu olan esrar, insan\u0131 kendine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadan koparan, psi\u015fik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yaratan bir maddedir. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ki\u015filerde \u00e7e\u015fitli ruhi ve bedeni semptomlarla kendini belli eden bir hastal\u0131k hali meydana gelir ki, o art\u0131k normal bir insan say\u0131lamaz. Uyu\u015fturucu kullananlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, onlar\u0131 fuh\u015fa, g\u00fcnaha, ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla murdar olmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Akl\u0131 olmayan\u0131n dini de olmaz ilkesinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m’da, sarho\u015fluk haramd\u0131r. Sarho\u015f eden bir \u015fey, beyin i\u015flevlerini etkileyerek ak\u0131l dinamiklerini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumlar\u0131nda akl\u0131 korumak esast\u0131r ve sarho\u015f edici her \u015fey yasakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n belti baz\u0131 ilkeleri vard\u0131r ve bunlar materyalist, ruhsuz, sahte ve ge\u00e7ici d\u00fcnya cennetlerinin bunal\u0131mlar\u0131 ve delilik problemleri do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu gibi uyu\u015fturucu maddeler \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu hastal\u0131klar en \u00e7ok Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sap\u0131kl\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve yozla\u015fma da \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n en g\u00fczel yoluna t\u00e2bi olmamaktan dolay\u0131 insanlar\u0131n cahiliyette \u0131srar etmeleri ve kendilerine zulmetmelerine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.\n