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5L bP{"id":15965,"date":"2021-05-20T12:11:35","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T09:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=15965"},"modified":"2021-05-20T12:11:35","modified_gmt":"2021-05-20T09:11:35","slug":"ebul-ala-mevdudinin-bakis-acisiyla-nur-suresi-31-ayet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/ebul-ala-mevdudinin-bakis-acisiyla-nur-suresi-31-ayet\/","title":{"rendered":"EBU\u2019L A\u2019L\u00c2 MEVDUD\u0130\u2019N\u0130N BAKI\u015e A\u00c7ISIYLA NUR SURES\u0130 31. AYET"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun.<\/p>\n

31- M\u00fc’min kad\u0131nlara da s\u00f6yle: “G\u00f6zlerini (harama \u00e7evirmekten) ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131rs\u0131nlar(31) ve \u0131rzlar\u0131n\u0131(32) korusunlar;(33) s\u00fcslerini(34) a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmas\u0131nlar, ancak kendi\u011filinden g\u00f6r\u00fcneni hari\u00e7.(35) Ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fclerini, yakalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc (kapatacak \u015fekilde) koysunlar.(36) S\u00fcslerini, kendi kocalar\u0131ndan(37) ya da babalar\u0131ndan ya da kocalar\u0131n\u0131n babalar\u0131ndan(38) ya da o\u011fullar\u0131ndan ya da kocalar\u0131n\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131ndan(39) ya da kendi karde\u015flerinden(40) ya da karde\u015flerinin o\u011fullar\u0131ndan(41) ya da k\u0131z karde\u015flerinin o\u011fullar\u0131ndan(42) ya da kendi kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan(43) ya da sa\u011f ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlardan(44) ya da kad\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 olmayan (arzusuz veya iktidars\u0131z) hizmet\u00e7ilerden(45) ya da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hen\u00fcz mahrem yerlerini tan\u0131mayan \u00e7ocuklardan(46) ba\u015fkas\u0131na g\u00f6stermesinler. Gizledikleri s\u00fcsleri bilinsin diye ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yere vurmas\u0131nlar.(47) Hep birlikte Allah’a tevbe edin(48) ey m\u00fc’minler, umulur ki felah bulursunuz.”(49)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00c7IKLAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

31. Erkeklerin kad\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 indirme h\u00fckm\u00fc, erkekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015fka erkeklere g\u00f6zlerini dikip bakmalar\u0131 yasakt\u0131r, ister istemez erkekleri g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde hemen g\u00f6zlerini \u00e7evirmeli ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n avret yerlerine bakmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bununla birlikte, erkeklerin kad\u0131nlara bak\u0131p bakmamalar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklere bak\u0131p bakmamalar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden biraz farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda bir rivayet \u015f\u00f6yle gelmektedir: Hz. Peygamber (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Meymune ve Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme ile otururlarken, \u00e2m\u00e2 bir sahabi olan Hz. \u0130bn \u00dcmm\u00fc Mektum \u00e7\u0131kagelir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131na “Y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc ondan gizleyin” buyurur. Han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, “Ey Allah’\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, o k\u00f6r de\u011fil mi? Bizi ne g\u00f6rebilir, ne tan\u0131yabilir” demeleri \u00fczerine de \u015fu cevab\u0131 verir: “Siz de mi k\u00f6rs\u00fcn\u00fcz? Onu g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor musunuz?” Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme bu olay\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin inmesinden sonra meydana geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar. (\u0130mam Ahmed, Ebu Davud, Tirmizi) .<\/p>\n

Bunu destekleyen bir ba\u015fka rivayet daha vard\u0131r ki, \u015f\u00f6yledir: “Am\u00e2 bir adam\u0131n kendisini g\u00f6rmeye gelmesi \u00fczerine Hz. Ai\u015fe ondan gizlenir. Adam kendisini g\u00f6remezken \u00f6rt\u00fcnmeye neden gerek duydu\u011funu Hz. Ai\u015fe \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: “Ama, ben onu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum” (Muvatta) .
\nNe var ki, bunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Hz. Ai\u015fe’den gelen de\u011fi\u015fik bir rivayet vard\u0131r. Hicret’in 7’inci y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine’ye bir zenci heyet gelir ve Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’de fiziki bir h\u00fcner g\u00f6sterisinde bulunurlar. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bunu Hz. Ai\u015fe’ye g\u00f6sterir. (Buhari, M\u00fcslim, \u0130mam Ahmed) . Bir ba\u015fka olayda, Fat\u0131ma bint-i Kays’\u0131 kocas\u0131 bo\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, iddetini nerede ge\u00e7irece\u011fi sorunu ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) ona \u00f6nce \u00dcmm\u00fc \u015eerik el-Ensari ile kalmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler, fakat sonra \u00e2m\u00e2 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha rahat eder d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u0130bn \u00dcmm\u00fc Mektum’un evinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder. \u00dcmm\u00fc \u015eerik zengin olup, evi ziyafet verdi\u011fi sahabelerle dolup ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onun evinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6rmez. (M\u00fcslim, Ebu Davud) .
\nBu rivayetler, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklere bakmas\u0131 konusunda getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n erkeklerin kad\u0131nlara bakmalar\u0131yla ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar kadar sert olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oturmalar\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, yoldan ge\u00e7erken erkeklere bakmalar\u0131 veya erkeklerin mahzur bulunmayan g\u00f6sterilerini uzaktan izlemeleri haram de\u011fildir. Yine, ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7 durumunda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n birlikte kald\u0131klar\u0131 evdeki erkekleri g\u00f6rmelerinde de mahzur yoktur. \u0130mam Gazali ve \u0130bn Hacer de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedirler.<\/p>\n

\u015eevk\u00e2n\u00ee Neyl’\u00fcl-Evtar’da \u0130bn Hacer’den \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nakleder “Kad\u0131nlarla ilgili bu izni, a\u00e7\u0131k havadaki i\u015flerinde de kendilerine b\u00f6yle bir serbesti tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi desteklemektedir. Camilere gittiklerinde veya sokaklarda dola\u015f\u0131rken, ya da seyahatta kad\u0131nlar erkekler kendilerine bakmas\u0131n diye pe\u00e7e takarlarken, erkeklere kad\u0131nlar kendilerine bakmas\u0131n diye pe\u00e7e takma emri verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu da iki cinsle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.” (Cilt: 6, sh. 101) . Bununla birlikte, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n serbest\u00e7e istedikleri kadar erkeklere bak\u0131p durmalar\u0131 ve bununla g\u00f6z zevki almalar\u0131 caiz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \nYani, gizli yerlerini ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda a\u00e7maktan ve cinsel arzular\u0131n\u0131 gayri me\u015fru yollarla gidermekten sak\u0131ns\u0131nlar. Bu konudaki h\u00fck\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler i\u00e7in ayn\u0131ysa da, avret yerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n avret yeri erkekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve kad\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki avret yerleri el ve y\u00fcz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan t\u00fcm v\u00fccudlar\u0131d\u0131r, avret yerlerini a\u00e7mas\u0131 koca d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, karde\u015fleri ve babalar\u0131 i\u00e7in dahi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. V\u00fccud \u00e7izgilerini ve deriyi ortaya koyacak bi\u00e7imde ince ve dar giyinmek de yasakt\u0131r. Hz. Ai\u015fe’den gelen bir rivayete g\u00f6re, bir defas\u0131nda k\u0131zkarde\u015fi Esma ince bir elbise i\u00e7inde Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a) gelir. Hemen y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7eviren Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur: “Ey Esma, bir kad\u0131n ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na geldi\u011fi zaman, y\u00fcz ve el d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda v\u00fccudunun herhangi bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin yoktur.” (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

    Benzer bir hadisi \u0130bn Cerir yine Hz Ai\u015fe’den nakleder. Buna g\u00f6re, bir defas\u0131nda, Hz. Ai\u015fe’nin annesinin \u00f6nceki kocas\u0131ndan olma Abdullah bin Tufeyl’in k\u0131z\u0131 kendisini ziyarete gelir. O esnada eve giren Hz. Peygamber (s.a) k\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7evirir. Hz. Ai\u015fe, “Ey Allah’\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, o benim ye\u011fenimdir” der. Buna Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir: “Bir kad\u0131n ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na geldi\u011fi zaman, el ve y\u00fcz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda v\u00fccudunu g\u00f6stermesi hel\u00e2l de\u011fildir” (Sonra da, elle nereyi kasdetti\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bile\u011fini tutar ve kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerle avucunun oras\u0131 kadar bir mesafe kal\u0131r.) Bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6sterilen tek ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, v\u00fccudunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde (karde\u015f, baba gibi) g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in tan\u0131nan izindir. Bu da, kad\u0131n ev i\u015flerini yaparken gereklidir. S\u00f6zgelimi, hamur yo\u011fururken kolunu, d\u00f6\u015femeleri y\u0131karken pantolununu s\u0131vayabilir.<\/p>\n

    Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki avret yerleri, erkeklerin erkekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki avret yerlerinin ayn\u0131s\u0131, yani g\u00f6bekle diz kapa\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat, bu kad\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak duraca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u015eu kadar ki, v\u00fccudun g\u00f6bekle diz kapa\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131n her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda kapanmas\u0131 gerekirken, v\u00fccudunun di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir.
    \n33. \u0130lahi Kanun’un kad\u0131nlardan istedi\u011fi yaln\u0131zca erkeklerden istedi\u011fiyle, yani bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sak\u0131n\u0131p, fer\u00e7lerini korumakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, erkeklerden istenmeyen daha ba\u015fka \u015feylerin de kad\u0131nlardan istendi\u011fi \u00f6nemle belirtilmelidir. Bu da g\u00f6steriyor ki, bu alanda erkeklerle kad\u0131nlar bir de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n“Zinet” \u00e7ekici elbiseler, s\u00fcslemeler ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n genellikle kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer ba\u015f, y\u00fcz, el, ayak vs. s\u00fcslerini i\u00e7ine al\u0131r ve modern manada “makyaj” (s\u00fcslenme) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ifade edilebilir. Bu zinetin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 emri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klama notlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    2. \n\u00c7e\u015fitli m\u00fcfessirlerce bu ayete verilen anlamlar ayetin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir hale getirmi\u015ftir. Oysa, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylenmek istenen, “kad\u0131nlar\u0131n zinet ve s\u00fcslerini” a\u00e7\u0131kta olan-kendili\u011finden g\u00f6r\u00fcnen” ve kontrollerinin \u00f6tesine ta\u015fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6stermemeleri gerekti\u011fidir. Yani, kad\u0131nlar bilerek ve kasden s\u00fcslerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vuramazlar, fakat, niyet ve kas\u0131t olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn savrulup zinetin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 veya kad\u0131n giyiminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u00e7ekicili\u011fi bulunmakla birlikte gizlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan d\u0131\u015f elbisenin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi gibi durumlarda zinetin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda kad\u0131n \u00fczerine sorumluluk yoktur. Hz. Abdullah \u0130bn Mes’ud, Hasan Basr\u00ee, \u0130bn Sirin ve \u0130brahim Neha\u00ee’nin tefsirleri de bu \u015fekildedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, baz\u0131 m\u00fcfessirler ayeti, “v\u00fccudun genellikle a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan ve \u00f6rt\u00fclmeyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131” anlam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flar ve t\u00fcm s\u00fcsleriyle birlikte y\u00fcz\u00fc ve elleri bunun i\u00e7ine dahil etmi\u015flerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bu, Hz. Abdullah \u0130bn Abbas’la izleyicilerinin ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da Hanefi fakihinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. (Ahk\u00e2m\u00fc’l-Kur’an, el-Cessas, Cilt: 3, 388-389) . Bu durumda, bunlara g\u00f6re kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, t\u00fcm makyaj\u0131yla y\u00fczleri ve s\u00fcsleriyle elleri a\u00e7\u0131k olarak d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131nda bir mahzur yoktur.<\/p>\n

      Fakat biz bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bir \u015feyi g\u00f6stermekle o \u015feyin kendili\u011finden g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi aras\u0131nda da\u011flar kadar fark vard\u0131r. Birincisi niyet ve kas\u0131t belirtirken ikincisi zorda kalma ve \u00e7aresiz olmay\u0131 ifade eder. \u00dcstelik b\u00f6yle bir yorum. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) devrinde \u00f6rt\u00fc ayetinin inmesinden sonra kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczleri a\u00e7\u0131k d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildiren rivayetlere de ters d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u00d6rt\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fc y\u00fczlerin \u00f6rt\u00fclmesini de i\u00e7ine almaktad\u0131r ve pe\u00e7e, Hacc’da ihraml\u0131 olman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131n giyiminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bunun bir di\u011fer delili de, ellerin ve y\u00fcz\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n avret yerine dahil edilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r, avret yeri ile \u00f6rt\u00fc farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir. Avret yeri, baba ve erkek karde\u015f gibi erkeklerin bile yan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 zorunlu olan yerlerdir; oysa \u00f6rt\u00fc, kad\u0131n\u0131 mahremi olmayan erkeklerden ay\u0131ran \u015feydir, buradaki tart\u0131\u015fma avret yeri de\u011fil, \u00f6rt\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi cahiliye g\u00fcnlerinde kad\u0131nlar, ba\u015f\u0131n arkas\u0131nda ba\u011flanan bir t\u00fcr ba\u015fl\u0131k kullan\u0131rlard\u0131. G\u00f6mle\u011fin yakas\u0131 da, boynun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rakacak \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri \u00f6rtecek g\u00f6mlekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yoktu ve sa\u00e7lar bir veya iki \u00e7ift \u00f6rg\u00fc halinde arkaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. (El-Ke\u015f\u015faf, cilt: 2, sh. 9′, \u0130bn Kesir, c: 3, sh: 283-284) . Bu ayet inince m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerini ve s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00f6rten bir ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc takmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu h\u00fck\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Ai\u015fe (r.a) canl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131r. “Nur Suresi inip, halk muhtevas\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Peygamber’den (s.a) \u00f6\u011frenince do\u011fru evlerine ko\u015ftular ve ayetleri kar\u0131lar\u0131, k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve k\u0131z karde\u015flerine okudular” der ve ilave eder: “Ayetlere an\u0131nda cevap geldi. Ensan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hemen kalk\u0131p, ellerine ge\u00e7en bez par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcleri yapt\u0131lar. Ertesi sabah namaz i\u00e7in Mescid-i Nebevi’ye gelen t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fcler.” Bir ba\u015fka rivayette, Hz. Ai\u015fe ince bezlerin b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p, bu ama\u00e7la kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kal\u0131n bez se\u00e7tiklerini anlat\u0131r. (\u0130bn Kesir, cilt: 3, sh: 284, Ebu Davud) .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        H\u00fckm\u00fcn amac\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fi, ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fczel ve ince bezden yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Ensar kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek hedefi anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve ne t\u00fcr bir bezin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini biliyorlard\u0131. Kanun Koyucu bizzat bu noktay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve halk\u0131n yorumuna b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dihyet\u00fc’l-Kelb\u00ee anlat\u0131yor: “Bir keresinde Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a) belli uzunlukta g\u00fczel bir M\u0131s\u0131r muslini getirildi. Ondan bir par\u00e7a bana vererek, “Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6mle\u011fin i\u00e7in kullan, kalan\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131na ver, fakat ona \u015f\u00f6yle de, bunun i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcne bir ba\u015fka bez par\u00e7as\u0131 diksin ve i\u00e7inden beden g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesin” dedi.” (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \nBu ayet, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm makyaj ve s\u00fcs\u00fcyle serbest\u00e7e hareket edebilece\u011fi \u00e7evreyi a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, akraba olsun yabanc\u0131 olsun, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na makyaj\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin yoktur. H\u00fck\u00fcm, bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kasden veya dikkatsizce s\u00fcslerini g\u00f6stermemesi gerekti\u011fini ifade eder. Bununla birlikte, dikkat ve titizli\u011fe ra\u011fmen, elde olmadan meydana gelen a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 da Allah affeder.
          \n38. “Babalar” hem anne, hem de baba yan\u0131ndan dedeleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck dedeleri de i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir kad\u0131n kendi babas\u0131 ve dedesine g\u00f6r\u00fcnebildi\u011fi gibi, kocas\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 ve babas\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131na da g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/li>\n
        2. \n“O\u011fullar” kad\u0131n ve erkek taraf\u0131ndan torunlar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck torunlar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. \u00d6z o\u011fullarla \u00fcvey o\u011fullar aras\u0131nda herhangi bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        3. \n“Erkek karde\u015fler” \u00f6z ve \u00fcvey karde\u015fleri i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        4. \n“Erkek ve k\u0131z karde\u015flerin o\u011fullar\u0131”, \u00f6z ve \u00fcvey erkek ve k\u0131z karde\u015flerin o\u011fullar\u0131, torunlar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck torunlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        5. \nYak\u0131nlardan sonra, di\u011fer insanlara ge\u00e7ilmektedir. Bunlar\u0131 anlatmaya ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 noktan\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yararlad\u0131r:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          1) Baz\u0131 fakihler, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n hareket ve s\u00fcslerini g\u00f6sterme serbestisinin bu ayette an\u0131lan akraba \u00e7evresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Bu \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan herkes, amca ve day\u0131ya var\u0131ncaya kadar bu listenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131r ve Kur’an’da an\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kad\u0131n onlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda da \u00f6rt\u00fcnmek zorundad\u0131r. Fakat, bu fakihlerin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc do\u011fru de\u011fildir. B\u0131rak\u0131n ger\u00e7ek amcalar\u0131, Hz. Peygamber (s.a) Hz. Ai\u015fe’nin s\u00fct amcas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile tam anlam\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fcnmesine gerek duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fct\u00fcb\u00fc Sitte ve M\u00fcsned’i Ahmed’de Hz. Ai\u015fe’den gelen bir rivayete g\u00f6re, bir defas\u0131nda Ebu’l-Kays’\u0131n karde\u015fi Eflah Hz. Ai\u015fe’yi g\u00f6rmeye gelir ve eve girmek i\u00e7in izin ister. Fakat,\u00f6rt\u00fcnme emri inmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Hz. Ai\u015fe izin vermez. Bunun \u00fczerine Eflah, “Sen benim ye\u011fenimsin, seni karde\u015fim Ebu’l-Kays’\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 emzirdi” der. Buna ra\u011fmen, Hz. Ai\u015fe b\u00f6yle bir yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda pe\u00e7esiz bulunmaya izin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda teredd\u00fct eder. O esnada Hz. Peygamber (s.a) gelir ve Hz. Ai\u015fe’ye Eflah’\u0131 g\u00f6rebilece\u011fine h\u00fckmeder. Bu da g\u00f6steriyor ki, bizzat Hz. Peygamber (s.a) ayeti bu fakihlerin yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yorumlamam\u0131\u015f yani yaln\u0131zca ayette an\u0131lan yak\u0131nlara pe\u00e7esiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmenin hel\u00e2l oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetmemi\u015f amca, day\u0131,damat ve s\u00fct akrabalar gibi kendileriyle evlenmesi haram olan yak\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fcye gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Tabiun’dan Hasan-\u0131 Basri ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc benimsemi\u015f ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Ahkam\u00fc’l-Kur’an’da (cilt: 3 sh: 390) . Alleme Ebu Bekr el-Cessas taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

          2) Kendileriyle evlenmenin ebedi haram olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131nlar sorunu vard\u0131r ortada, bu yak\u0131nlar, ne kendilerine kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcsleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilece\u011fi mahrem yak\u0131nlar kategorisine, ne de ba\u015fkalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, kendileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00f6rt\u00fcnmesi gereken t\u00fcmden yabanc\u0131lar kategorisine girmektedir. Herhalde kesin \u00e7izgilerle tesbit edilemeyece\u011finden olsa gerek. \u0130sl\u00e2m bu konuda iki u\u00e7 aras\u0131nda benimsenmesi gereken yolu tayin etmemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle durumlarda \u00f6rt\u00fcye uyup uyulmayaca\u011f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkilere, kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin ya\u015f\u0131na, ailevi ili\u015fki ve ba\u011flara ve (ayn\u0131 veya ayr\u0131 evlerde oturmak gibi) daha baz\u0131 \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu konuda bizzat Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) sergiledi\u011fi \u00f6rnek bize ayn\u0131 yolu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

          \u00c7ok say\u0131da rivayet, Ebu Bekr’in k\u0131z\u0131, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) bald\u0131z\u0131 Esma’n\u0131n Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pe\u00e7esiz \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcz ve ellerini \u00f6rtmedi\u011fini aktarmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, Hz. Peygamber’in vefat\u0131ndan bir ka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan Veda Hacc\u0131’na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. (Ebu Davud) .
          \nAyn\u0131 \u015fekilde Ebu Talib’in k\u0131z\u0131 ve Hz. Peygamber’in ye\u011feni \u00dcmm\u00fc Hani de y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve ellerini \u00f6rtmeden Hz. Peygamber’in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bizzat kendisi, bunu do\u011frulayan bir olay\u0131 Mekke’nin fethiyle ilgili olarak nakleder. (Ebu Davud) . Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Hz. Abbas’\u0131n o\u011flu Fazl’\u0131, (Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) amca \u00e7ocu\u011fu) Rabia bin Haris b. Abd\u00fclmuttalib’in de o\u011flu Abdulm\u00fcttalib’i ailenin kazanan \u00fcyeleri olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in evlenemediklerinden bir i\u015f ricas\u0131yla Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a) g\u00f6nderdiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Her ikisi de Hz. Peygamber’i, (s.a) Fazl’\u0131n amca veya hala k\u0131z\u0131 ve Abd\u00fclmuttalib bin Rabia’n\u0131n babas\u0131na da benzer bir bi\u00e7imde yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Hz. Zeyneb’in evinde g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Hz. Zeynep kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaz ve kendileriyle Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) huzurunda bir perde arkas\u0131ndan konu\u015fur. (Ebu Davud) . Bu iki \u00f6rne\u011fi birlikte ele al\u0131rsak, yukarda ifade etti\u011fimiz ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131r\u0131z.
          \n3) \u0130li\u015fkinin kesin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, mahrem yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bile \u00f6rt\u00fcye dikkat edilmelidir. Buhari, M\u00fcslim ve Ebu Davud’un rivayet etti\u011fi bir hadise g\u00f6re, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan Sevde’nin cariyeden do\u011fma bir erkek karde\u015fi vard\u0131. Sevde’nin ve delikanl\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131, Utbe, karde\u015fi Sa’d b. Ebu Vakkas’a kendi sulb\u00fcnden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir ye\u011fen olarak delikanl\u0131ya bakmas\u0131 vasiyetinde bulunur. Durum kendisine aktar\u0131l\u0131nca, Hz.Peygamber (s.a) Sa’d’\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131 reddeder ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur: “\u00c7ocuk kimin yata\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015fsa ona aittir, zaniye ise recm gerekir”. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bununla da kalmaz ve Hz. Sevde’ye ger\u00e7ekten erkek karde\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli bulundu\u011fundan delikanl\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fcye b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle riayet etmesini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \nArap\u00e7a “” kelimesi, “onlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131” demektir. Burada tam olarak hangi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kasdedildi\u011fine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, burada ge\u00e7en “en-nisa” kelimesinin yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131nlar, “nisai-hinne”nin ise “onlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131” anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi belirtilmelidir. \u0130lk durumda, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kad\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pe\u00e7esiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp, s\u00fcslerini g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Fakat “en-nisa” yerine “nisa-ihinne”nin kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu serbestiyi belli bir \u00e7evreyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belli kad\u0131nlar \u00e7evresinin ne oldu\u011fu konusunda m\u00fcfessirler ve fakihler farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Bir gruba g\u00f6re, “kad\u0131nlar\u0131”ndan kas\u0131t yaln\u0131zca m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar olup, z\u0131mm\u00ee veya ba\u015fkas\u0131 t\u00fcm gayri m\u00fcslim kad\u0131nlar bu \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve erkekler gibi onlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da \u00f6rt\u00fcye b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle riayet edilmesi gerekir. \u0130bn Abbas, M\u00fccahid ve \u0130bn C\u00fcreyc bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olup, delil olarak \u015fu olay\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerler. Halife \u00d6mer, Ebu Ubeyde’ye yazar: “Baz\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n gayri m\u00fcslim kad\u0131nlarla birlikte halka a\u00e7\u0131k hamamlara gittiklerini duyuyorum. Allah’a ve Ahiret G\u00fcn\u00fc’ne inanan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kad\u0131n\u0131n, v\u00fccudunu kendi toplumundan olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7mas\u0131 helal de\u011fildir.” Bu mektubu alan Hz. Ebu Ubeyde \u00e7ok sars\u0131l\u0131r ve ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131r: “Tenini a\u011fartmak i\u00e7in hamama giden kad\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcnde karars\u0131n.” (\u0130bn Cerir, Beyhaki, \u0130bn Kesir.)<\/p>\n

            \u0130mam Razi’nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bir di\u011fer grup, “kad\u0131nlar\u0131”ndan kasd\u0131n istisnas\u0131z t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Fakat, b\u00f6yle olsayd\u0131, “nisa-i hinne” yerine “en-nisa” kelimesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.
            \n\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve daha akla yatk\u0131n Kur’an’a daha yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, “kad\u0131nlar\u0131”ndan kasd\u0131n, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kad\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olsun olmas\u0131n, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ve her g\u00fcnk\u00fc ev i\u015fini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 vs. tan\u0131d\u0131k-bildik kad\u0131nlar oldu\u011funu belirtmesidir. Burada ama\u00e7, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve manevi k\u00f6kenleri bilinmeyen veya ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcvenilemezlik arzeden yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, z\u0131mm\u00ee kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyarete geldi\u011fini ifade eden sahih hadisler de desteklemektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken ana nokta, dini inan\u00e7 de\u011fil, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee karakterdir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar gayri m\u00fcslim de olsalar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenilir ailelerin soylu, iffetli ve faziletli kad\u0131nlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015febilir ve i\u00e7ten sosyal ba\u011flar kurabilirler. Fakat m\u00fcsl\u00fcman da olsalar, iffetsiz ah-l\u00e2ks\u0131z ve adi kad\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fcye riayet etmelidirler. Bu kad\u0131nlarla bir arada bulunmak ahl\u00e2k\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan erkekle bir arada olmak kadar tehlikelidir. Bilinmeyen ve tan\u0131d\u0131k olmayan kad\u0131nlar ise, en fazla mahrem olmayan yak\u0131nlar gibi davran\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fcz ve eller a\u00e7\u0131labilir, fakat v\u00fccudun kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ve zinetler kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
            \n44. Bu emrin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131 konusunda fakihler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir grup, bu yaln\u0131z bir han\u0131m\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu cariyelerle ilgilidir der ve il\u00e2h\u00ee h\u00fckm\u00fc, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n zinetlerini, ister m\u00fc\u015frik, ister Yahudi, isterse H\u0131ristiyan olsun, cariyeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7abilecekleri, fakat \u00f6rt\u00fcnmenin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan h\u00fcr bir yabanc\u0131 erkek gibi davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken k\u00f6leleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnemeyecekleri \u015feklinde tefsir eder.<\/p>\n

            Bu, Abdullah b. Mes’ud, M\u00fccahid, Hasan Basri, \u0130bn Sirin, Said b. M\u00fcseyyeb, Tavus ve \u0130mam Ebu Hanife’yle \u0130mam \u015eafi\u00ee’nin bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunlar, k\u00f6lenin han\u0131m\u0131na mahrem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, serbest kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onunla evlenebilece\u011fini delil getirirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, onun salt k\u00f6le olmas\u0131, kendisine erkek mahremler gibi davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez ve kad\u0131n\u0131n onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda serbest\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine izin vermez. Genel anlamda ve hem k\u00f6lelere, hem de cariyelere uygulanabilecek \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan “ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlar” ifadesinin yaln\u0131zca cariyelerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini bu fakihler \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klarlar: \u0130fade her ne kadar genelse de, i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 metnin siyak ve sibak\u0131 (\u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131) onu yaln\u0131zca cariyelere \u00f6zg\u00fc k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayette “ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlar” ifadesi, hemen “kad\u0131nlar\u0131”‘ndan sonra gelmektedir, bu nedenle ayetten kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cariyelerin bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu gibi bir yanl\u0131\u015f anlamaya meydan verilmemesi ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u00fcr kad\u0131n dostlar\u0131 gibi, cariyeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da zinetlerini a\u00e7abileceklerini belirtmek i\u00e7in “ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlar” ifadesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Di\u011fer grup, “ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlar” ifadesinin, hem k\u00f6leleri hem de cariyeleri i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Bu da Hz. Ai\u015fe, \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme ve Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) Evi’nin (Ehl-i Beyt’in) bir tak\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck alimleriyle \u0130mam \u015eafi\u00ee’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunlar, yaln\u0131zca ifadenin genel anlam\u0131na dayanmazlar, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine S\u00fcnnet’ten de delil getirirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir defas\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber (s.a) k\u00f6lesi Abdullah b. M\u00fcsa’de el-Fezar\u00ee ile k\u0131z\u0131 Hz. Fat\u0131ma’n\u0131n evine gider. O zaman Hz. Fat\u0131ma’n\u0131n \u00fczerinde ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rakan bir entari vard\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtse ayaklar\u0131, ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtse ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kta kal\u0131yordu. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n utand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, “Zarar\u0131 yok, yaln\u0131zca baban ve k\u00f6len var” buyurdular. (Enes b. Malik’ten Ebu Davud, Ahmed, Beyhaki) . \u0130bn Asabis’in rivayetine g\u00f6re, Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bu k\u00f6leyi Hz. Fat\u0131ma’ya verir ve Hz. Fat\u0131ma onu yeti\u015ftirir, sonra da azad eder. (Ama, adam iyilik bilmez nank\u00f6r bir yaramaz olur ve S\u0131ffin sava\u015f\u0131nda Hz. Ali’ye ate\u015fli bir d\u00fc\u015fman kesilerek Emir Muaviye’nin yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

            Bu fakihler, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine bir di\u011fer delil olarak, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) hadisini naklederler: “\u0130\u00e7inizden biri k\u00f6lesiyle mukatebe <M\u00dcKATEBE, (\u00c7ev.) akit. yap\u0131lan \u00fczerine almas\u0131 sat\u0131n ondan nefsini \u00f6deyerek efendisine \u015fartlarla belirli bedelini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6lenin>yapar ve k\u00f6le de h\u00fcrriyetini sat\u0131n alacak gerekli araca sahip olursa, (sahibi olan) kad\u0131n, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne riayet etsin.” (Ebu Davud, Tirmizi, \u0130bn Mace, Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme’den) .<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \nBu ifadenin harfi harfine terc\u00fcmesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: “Erkeklerden ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z olup, hi\u00e7bir arzu ta\u015f\u0131mayanlar”. Buradaki anlam a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kad\u0131n\u0131n mahrem erkeklerden ayr\u0131 olarak, \u015fu iki \u015farta sahip olan erkekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da zinetlerini a\u00e7abilece\u011fidir: 1) Ancak ikinci derecede, yani kad\u0131na tabi bir stat\u00fcde olmak, 2) Efendisinin kar\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131z\u0131, k\u0131zkarde\u015fi veya annesi hakk\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce veya arzu ta\u015f\u0131mayacak \u015fekilde, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck, yoksulluk ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sosyal mevkilerde olma gibi nedenlerle cinsel etkilerden uzak bulunmak. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fc, ona itaat etmek i\u00e7in salim bir zihinle inceleyen herkes, k\u00f6t\u00fcye ka\u00e7ma yol ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 aramaya ka\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, bug\u00fcn evlerde istihdam edilen hamal, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131, \u015fof\u00f6r ve di\u011fer yeti\u015fkin hizmet\u00e7ilerin bu kategoriye girmedi\u011fini teslim edecektir. M\u00fcfessir ve fakihlerce yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bu ayette kasdedilen erkeklerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0130bn Abbas: Kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 ilgi duymayan al\u0131k kimseler.
              \nKatade: Sadece gerekli r\u0131zk\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in size ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan yoksullar.
              \nM\u00fccahid: Yaln\u0131zca yiyece\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyup, kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 ilgisi olmayan al\u0131k erkekler.
              \n\u015ea’bi: Her bak\u0131mdan efendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve evdeki kad\u0131nlara k\u00f6t\u00fc nazarla bakma cesareti bulunmayan kimseler.<\/p>\n

              \u0130bn Zeyd: Bir aileye o ailenin \u00fcyesi say\u0131lacak kadar uzun s\u00fcre hizmet etmi\u015f ve evin kad\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir arzu ta\u015f\u0131mayan erkekler. Bu erkekler yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in evdedirler.<\/p>\n

              Tavus ve Zuhr\u00ee: Kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir arzu duymayan ve duyma cesareti de olmayan saf kimseler, (\u0130bn Cerir, cilt: 18, sh: 95-96, \u0130bn Kesir, cilt: 3 sh: 285) .
              \nBu konudaki en g\u00fczel a\u00e7\u0131klama Hz. Peygamber (s.a) zaman\u0131nda meydana gelen ve Buhari, M\u00fcslim, Ebu Davud, Nesa\u00ee ve \u0130mam Ahmed’in Hz. Ai\u015fe ve Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme’den rivayet ettikleri \u015fu olayd\u0131r: Medine’de, iktidars\u0131z ve cinsel etkilerden uzak san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na serbest\u00e7e girebilen bir had\u0131m erkek (Hunsa) vard\u0131. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bir g\u00fcn han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme’nin evine gitti\u011finde, bu adam\u0131 karde\u015fi Abdullah b. Ebi \u00dcmeyye ile konu\u015furken i\u015fitti. Abdullah’a ertesi g\u00fcn Taif’i fethederlerse, hemen Gaylan Sekafi’nin k\u0131z\u0131 Bedia’y\u0131 elde etmesini tavsiye ediyordu. Sonra, Bedia’n\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini ve \u00e7ekicili\u011fini \u00f6vmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve o kadar ki, onun gizli yerlerini tasvir etmeye kadar gitti, Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bunlar\u0131 duyunca \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “Ey Allah’\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131, sanki onun her yan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn”. Sonra da, bu adam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcye tam riayet etmelerini bir daha onun evlere al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Bunun ard\u0131ndan, onu Medine’den \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve di\u011fer had\u0131mlar\u0131n da evlere girmelerini yasaklad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131nlar onlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ald\u0131rmazken, onlar bir evdeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 di\u011fer evlerdeki erkeklerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tasvir ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

              Bu da g\u00f6steriyor ki, “cinsel arzu duyamayan” ifadesi, yaln\u0131zca fiziksel iktidars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtmemektedir. Fiziksel a\u00e7\u0131dan iktidars\u0131z olmakla birlikte, i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e cinsel arzu besleyen ve kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 ilgi duyan ki\u015filer pek \u00e7ok \u015ferlere neden olabilirler.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \nYani, cinsel duygular\u0131 hen\u00fcz uyanmam\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7ocuklar. Bu da, en fazla 11-12 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Bu ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki \u00e7ocuklar, hen\u00fcz b\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fa ermemi\u015f bile olsalar, cinsel duygu sahibi olmaya ba\u015flarlar.<\/li>\n
              2. \nHz. Peygamber (s.a) bu h\u00fckm\u00fc yaln\u0131zca s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0131ng\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, bundan bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, duygular\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015feyin, Allah’\u0131n kad\u0131nlara zinetlerini g\u00f6stermeme emrindeki amaca ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ilkesini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n koku s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Ebu Hureyre’ye g\u00f6re, bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur o: “Allah’\u0131n kad\u0131n kullar\u0131n\u0131 mescidlere gelmekten men etmeyin, \u015fu kadar ki, koku s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek gelmesinler.” (Ebu Davud, \u0130mam Ahmed) .
                \nBir ba\u015fka rivayete g\u00f6re, Ebu Hureyre mescidden gelen bir kad\u0131na rastlam\u0131\u015f ve onun koku s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hissedince kendisini durdurarak, “Ey Allah’\u0131n kad\u0131n kulu, mescidden mi geliyorsun?” diye sormu\u015f, kad\u0131n\u0131n “evet” demesi \u00fczerine de, “Habibim Ebu’l-Kas\u0131m’\u0131n (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim: “Kokuyla mescide gelen kad\u0131n\u0131n namaz\u0131, o kad\u0131n cinsel ili\u015fkiden sonra y\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi y\u0131kanmad\u0131k\u00e7a kabul olunmaz” demi\u015ftir. (Ebu Davud, \u0130bn Mace, \u0130mam Ahmed, Nesa\u00ee) .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Ebu Musa el-E\u015f’ar\u00ee Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu rivayet eder: “Halk\u0131n onun kokusundan zevk alacak \u015fekilde, koku s\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olarak yoldan ge\u00e7en bir kad\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle \u015f\u00f6yledir: Olduk\u00e7a sert s\u00f6zler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” (Tirmizi, Ebu Davud, Nesa\u00ee) . Onun bu konudaki emri kad\u0131nlar\u0131n parlak renkli, fakat hafif kokulu parf\u00fcmler (kokular) kullanmas\u0131 \u015feklindeydi (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

                Hz. Peygamber (s.a) kad\u0131n seslerinin gereksiz yere erkeklerin kulaklar\u0131na gitmesini de tasvip etmemi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7 durumunda, bizzat Kur’an kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerle konu\u015fmalar\u0131na izin verdi\u011fi gibi, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) han\u0131mlar\u0131 da din\u00ee konularda halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rlard\u0131. Fakat, hi\u00e7bir gerek\u00e7e veya dini ya da ahl\u00e2k\u00ee bir ama\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n seslerini erkeklere duyurmalar\u0131 tasvip edilmemi\u015ftir. O kadar ki, imam cemaata namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131rken yan\u0131l\u0131r veya atlamada bulunursa, erkeklerin “S\u00fcbhanallah” demeleri gerekirken kad\u0131nlar yaln\u0131zca el \u00e7\u0131rparlar. (Buhari, M\u00fcslim, \u0130mam Ahmed, Tirmizi, Ebu Davud, Nesa\u00ee, \u0130bn Mace) .<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \n“Allah’a tevbe edin”: Bu konuda \u015fimdiye kadar i\u015fleyegeldi\u011fimiz hatalar nedeniyle Allah’tan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanma dileyin ve Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc’n\u00fcn koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmler do\u011frultusunda gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczeltin.
                  \n49. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin inmesinden sonra, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunda Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer d\u00fczeltmeleri de vermek yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  1) Ba\u015fka erkeklerin (akraba da olsalar) bir kad\u0131n\u0131 gizlice g\u00f6rmelerini veya kad\u0131n\u0131n mahrem yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011funda onunla oturmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Cabir \u0130bn Abdullah, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu rivayet eder: “Kocalar\u0131 evde bulunmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yan\u0131na girmeyin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feytan kan gibi sizin i\u00e7inizde dola\u015f\u0131r.” (Tirmizi) .<\/p>\n

                  Yine, Hz. Cabir’in rivayet etti\u011fi bir hadiste \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulmaktad\u0131r: “Allah’a ve ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fc’ne inanan kimse, yan\u0131nda mahrem bir yak\u0131n\u0131 bulunmayan kad\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na girmesin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durumda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi \u015feytand\u0131r.” (\u0130mam Ahmed) . \u0130mam Ahmed, Amir b. Rabia’dan buna benzer bir hadis daha rivayet eder. Bizzat Hz. Peygamber (s.a) bu konuda son derece titizdi. Bir defas\u0131nda, geceleyin han\u0131m\u0131 Hz. Safiye’yi evine getirirken, Ensar’dan iki adam yanlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) onlar\u0131 durdurarak \u015f\u00f6yleder: “Yan\u0131mdaki kad\u0131n kar\u0131m Safiye’dir.” Onlar da “S\u00fcbhenallah ey Allah’\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, senin hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe edilir mi?” derler. Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verir: “\u015eeytan insan\u0131n v\u00fccudunda kan gibi dola\u015f\u0131r. Zihinlerinize k\u00f6t\u00fc bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yerle\u015ftirir diye korktum.” (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

                  2) Hz. Peygamber (s.a) , erke\u011fin elinin na-mahrem kad\u0131n\u0131n bedenine dokunmas\u0131n\u0131 tasvip etmemi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden, biat esnas\u0131nda erkeklerin elini s\u0131karken, bunu kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Ai\u015fe, Hz.Peygamber’in hi\u00e7 bir yabanc\u0131 kad\u0131na dokunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Kad\u0131nlarla s\u00f6zle biatla\u015f\u0131r ve bu bitince de, “Gidebilirsiniz, biat\u0131n\u0131z tamamd\u0131r” derdi. (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

                  3) Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yanlar\u0131nda mahremleri bulunmadan veya na-mahremle birlikte yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buhari ve M\u00fcslim’in \u0130bn Abbas’tan rivayetine g\u00f6re, Hz.Peygamber (s.a) bir hutbelerinde \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r: “Hi\u00e7 bir erkek, yan\u0131nda mahremi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece yaln\u0131zken bir kad\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na giremez ve hi\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n, yan\u0131nda mahremi bulunmadan tek ba\u015f\u0131na yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kamaz.” Bir adam kalkar ve der: “Kar\u0131m Hacc’a gidecek, fakat bana bir sefere kat\u0131lma emri verildi.” Hz. Peygamber (s.a) buna \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir: “Kar\u0131nla Hacc’a gidebilirsin.”<\/p>\n

                  Ayn\u0131 konuda sahih hadis kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130bn \u00d6mer, Ebu Said el-Hudri ve Ebu H\u00fcreyre’den rivayet ettikleri hadislerde, Allah’a ve ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fc’ne inanan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kad\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda mahremi olmadan yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. \u015eu kadar ki, yolculu\u011fun uzunlu\u011fu ve s\u00fcresi hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 farkl\u0131 rivayetler vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 rivayetlerde, yolculu\u011fun asgari s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 12 mil olarak gelmekte, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn, bir g\u00fcn bir gece, iki g\u00fcn veya hatta \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir s\u00fcre koymaktad\u0131r. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k, rivayetlerin s\u0131hhatine g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmedi\u011fi gibi, i\u00e7lerinden birini di\u011ferlerine tercihle kabul etmemizi de gerektirmez. Rivayetlerin aras\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a) farkl\u0131 durumlarda \u015fartlara ve durumun gere\u011fine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 talimatlarda bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. S\u00f6zgelimi, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan bir kad\u0131n mahremsiz \u00e7\u0131kmaktan yasaklan\u0131rken, bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Burada ana sorun, farkl\u0131 durumlarda farkl\u0131 ki\u015filere farkl\u0131 talimat vermek de\u011fil, \u0130bn Abbas hadisinde ifade olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n mahremsiz yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131 ilkesidir.
                  \n4) Hz. Peygamber (s.a) cinslerin serbest\u00e7e kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na uygulamalar\u0131yla engel oldu\u011fu gibi, bunu \u015fifahen de yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m’da Cum’a ve cemaat namazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi herkesin malumudur. Cum’a namaz\u0131 bizzat Allah taraf\u0131ndan farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, cemaatle namaz\u0131n \u00f6neminin derecesi ise \u015fu hadiste ifadesini bulmu\u015ftur: “E\u011fer bir ki\u015fi ger\u00e7ek bir \u00f6zr\u00fc olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mescide gelmez ve namaz\u0131n\u0131 evde k\u0131larsa, Allah bu namaz\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyecektir.” (Ebu Davud, \u0130bn Mace, Darekutn\u00ee, Hakim, \u0130bn Abbas’tan) . B\u00f6yleyken Hz. Peygamber (s.a) kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Cum’a namaz\u0131ndan muaf tutmu\u015ftur. (Ebu Davud, Darekutn\u00ee, Beyhak\u00ee) .<\/p>\n

                  Cemaatle namazlara gelip gelmemeleri konusunda ise kad\u0131nlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve “Mescidlere gelmek isterlerse kendilerine engel olmay\u0131n” buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n namazlar\u0131n\u0131 evde k\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n mescidde k\u0131lmaktan daha faziletli oldu\u011funu da belirtmekten geri durmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130bn \u00d6mer ve Ebu Hureyre \u015fu rivayette bulunurlar: “Allah’\u0131n kad\u0131n kullar\u0131n\u0131 Allah’\u0131n mescidlerine gelmekten men etmeyin.” (Ebu Davud) . \u0130bn \u00d6mer’den gelen di\u011fer rivayetler de ayn\u0131 mealdedir: “Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n geceleyin mescidlere gelmelerine izin verin.” (Buhari, M\u00fcslim, Tirmizi, Nesa\u00ee, Ebu Davud) . Ve “Evleri, kendileri i\u00e7in mescidlerden daha iyiyse de, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 mescidlere gelmekten al\u0131koymay\u0131n.” (\u0130mam Ahmed, Ebu Davud) . \u00dcmm\u00fc N\u00fcmeyd es-Sa\u00eediyye bir keresinde Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a) : “Ey Allah’\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! Namaz\u0131m\u0131 senin imaml\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131lmay\u0131 \u00e7ok arzu ediyorum” der. Rasul-i Ekrem (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verir: “Namaz\u0131n\u0131 odanda k\u0131lman tara\u00e7ada k\u0131lmandan hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Namaz\u0131n\u0131 evinde k\u0131lman, yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131zdaki mescidde k\u0131lmandan hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r, namaz\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131zdaki mescidde k\u0131lman ana mescidde k\u0131lmandan hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.” (\u0130mam Ahmed, Taberan\u00ee) . Ebu Davud, Abdullah \u0130bn Mes’ud’dan ayn\u0131 mealde bir rivayette bulunur.<\/p>\n

                  Hz. \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme’ye g\u00f6re Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: “Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in mescidlerin en hay\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131 evlerinin en i\u00e7 b\u00f6lmeleridir.” (\u0130mam Ahmed, Taberan\u00ee) . Hz. Ai\u015fe, Emeviler zaman\u0131nda hakim olan \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, “Hz. Peygamber kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na \u015fahit olsayd\u0131, \u0130srailo\u011flular\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131na yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, onlar\u0131 da mescidlere girmekten mutlaka men ederdi.” (Buhari, M\u00fcslim, Ebu Davud) .
                  \nHz. Peygamber, Mescidi’nde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n girmesi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir kap\u0131 ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve kendi zaman\u0131nda Hz. \u00d6mer de erkeklerin bu kap\u0131dan girmelerini yasaklayan kesin emirlerde bulunmu\u015ftu. (Ebu Davud) . Cemaatle k\u0131l\u0131nan namazlarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerin arkas\u0131nda ayr\u0131 saf tutmalar\u0131 emrolunmu\u015ftur, ayr\u0131ca, namaz\u0131n bitiminde Hz.Peygamber ve ashab\u0131, kad\u0131nlar erkeklerden \u00f6nce mescidden \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131nlar diye bir s\u00fcre beklerlerdi. (\u0130mam Ahmed, Buhari) .<\/p>\n

                  Hz. Peygamber (s.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur: “Erkekler i\u00e7in saflar\u0131n en iyisi \u00f6n saf, en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc de (kad\u0131nlar\u0131n saf\u0131na en yak\u0131n olan) son saft\u0131r, fakat kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in saflar\u0131n en iyisi en son saf, en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc de (hemen erkeklerin arkas\u0131ndaki) \u00f6n saft\u0131r.” (M\u00fcslim, Ebu Davud, Tirmizi,Nesa\u00ee, \u0130mam Ahmed.)<\/p>\n

                  Kad\u0131nlar bayram namazlar\u0131na da kat\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. \u015eu kadar ki, erkeklerden ayr\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir yerde bulunurlard\u0131. Hutbeden sonra Hz. Peygamber (s.a) kendilerine ayr\u0131ca hitabede bulunurdu. (Ebu Davud, Buhari, M\u00fcslim) . Bir keresinde Hz. Peygamber erkeklerle kad\u0131nlar\u0131 kalabal\u0131k i\u00e7inde yan yana giderlerken g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 durdurarak \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “Yolun ortas\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcmeniz do\u011fru de\u011fildir, kenarlardan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcn”. Bunu duyan kad\u0131nlar hemen duvar boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. (Ebu Davud) .<\/p>\n

                  B\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, kad\u0131n-erkek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ruhuna b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Erkeklerle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Allah’\u0131n kutsal evlerinde namaz i\u00e7in yanyana durmalar\u0131na izin vermeyen \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee Kanun’un, onlar\u0131n okullarda, dairelerde, kul\u00fcplerde ve di\u011fer toplant\u0131 yerlerinde serbest\u00e7e bir arada bulunmalar\u0131na izin vermesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.
                  \n5) Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n normal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde makyaj (s\u00fcslenme) kullanmalar\u0131na izin, hatta bu konuda talimat vermi\u015f, fakat a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 makyaj\u0131 (s\u00fcslenme) kesinlikle yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Arap kad\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olan makyaj ve s\u00fcs \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri l\u00e2netlemi\u015f ve toplum i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \na) Daha uzun ve s\u0131k g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in sa\u00e7a fazladan yapay sa\u00e7 takmak,
                    \nb) V\u00fccudun \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na d\u00f6vme yapmak ve yapay benler meydana getirmek,
                    \nc) Belli bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm vermek i\u00e7in ka\u015flar\u0131 yolmak veya daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fczdeki t\u00fcyleri yolmak,
                    \nd) Daha \u00e7ok inceltmek i\u00e7in di\u015fleri ovalamak, ya da di\u015flerde yapay delikler a\u00e7mak,
                    \ne) Yapay bir renk ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcz\u00fc safran veya daha ba\u015fka kozmetiklerle ovmak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Bu talimatlar K\u00fct\u00fcb\u00fc Sitte ve M\u00fcsned’i Ahmed’de Hz. Ai\u015fe, Esma bint-i Ebu Bekir, Hz. Abdullah b. Mes’ud, Abdullah b. \u00d6mer, Abdullah b. Abbas ve Emir Muaviye’den g\u00fcvenilir ravilerce rivayet edilmektedir.
                    \nAllah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc’n\u00fcn bu apa\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra, bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne iki yol a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Ya g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulay\u0131p kendisini, ailesini ve toplumunu, ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc’n\u00fcn b\u00f6ylesine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri koydu\u011fu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden temizleyecek, ya da bir tak\u0131m zaaflar\u0131 nedeniyle bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin bir veya bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyip, hi\u00e7 olmazsa g\u00fcnah i\u015fledi\u011fini bilecek ve bunu b\u00f6yle kabul ederek, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na fazilet etiketi vurmayacakt\u0131r. Bu se\u00e7eneklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Kur’an ve S\u00fcnnet’in a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak, Bat\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc bir hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimseyenler ve sonra da m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimseye b\u0131rakmay\u0131p, \u0130sl\u00e2m’da \u00f6rt\u00fcnme diye bir \u015feyin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a iddia edenler, yaln\u0131zca itaats\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015flemekle kalmazlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda cahilliklerini ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131k\u00e7a inatlar\u0131n\u0131 da sergilemi\u015f olurlar. B\u00f6yle bir tav\u0131r, ne d\u00fcnyada do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen biri taraf\u0131ndan onaylanabilir, ne de ahirette Allah’\u0131n nimetine hak kazanabilir. Fakat gel g\u00f6r ki, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda yer alan ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6ylesine mesafa katetmi\u015f bulunan birtak\u0131m m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar, ilahi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rerek reddetmekte ve gayr\u0131 m\u00fcslim toplumlardan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 ald\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imlerinin do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayal\u0131 oldu\u011funa inanmaktad\u0131rlar. B\u00f6yleleri asla m\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fildirler, e\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcman say\u0131lacak olurlarsa, \u0130sl\u00e2m ve \u0130sl\u00e2md\u0131\u015f\u0131 kelimeler b\u00fct\u00fcn anlam ve \u00f6nemini yitirecektir. E\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcman adlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olsalar ve \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131 terkettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etseler, o zaman hi\u00e7 olmazsa meden\u00ee ve manev\u00ee cesaretlerinin bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yleriz. Ama, bu ki\u015filer t\u00fcm yanl\u0131\u015f tav\u0131rlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendilerini m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak sunmaya devam etmektedirler. D\u00fcnyada bunlardan daha baya\u011f\u0131 bir insan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 herhalde bulunamaz. B\u00f6ylelerinden, b\u00f6ylesi bir karakter ve ahl\u00e2k ta\u015f\u0131yanlardan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yalan, hile, aldatma ve iffetsizlik beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun. 31- M\u00fc’min kad\u0131nlara da s\u00f6yle: “G\u00f6zlerini (harama \u00e7evirmekten) ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131rs\u0131nlar(31) ve \u0131rzlar\u0131n\u0131(32) korusunlar;(33) s\u00fcslerini(34) a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmas\u0131nlar, ancak kendi\u011filinden g\u00f6r\u00fcneni hari\u00e7.(35) Ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fclerini, yakalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc (kapatacak \u015fekilde) koysunlar.(36) S\u00fcslerini, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":15966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"yoast_head":"\nEBU\u2019L A\u2019L\u00c2 MEVDUD\u0130\u2019N\u0130N BAKI\u015e A\u00c7ISIYLA NUR SURES\u0130 31. 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