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w8 Ve{"id":27179,"date":"2023-01-03T10:10:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T07:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=27179"},"modified":"2023-01-02T18:10:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T15:10:17","slug":"ebul-ala-mevdudinin-rh-a-bakis-acisiyla-hasr-suresi-3-ve-6-ayetler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/ebul-ala-mevdudinin-rh-a-bakis-acisiyla-hasr-suresi-3-ve-6-ayetler\/","title":{"rendered":"EBU\u2019L A\u2019L\u00c2 MEVDUD\u0130\u2019N\u0130N (RH.A.) BAKI\u015e A\u00c7ISIYLA HA\u015eR SURES\u0130 3. VE 6. AYETLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun<\/strong><\/p>\n

3- E\u011fer Allah, onlara s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc yazmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, muhakkak onlar\u0131 (yine) d\u00fcnyada azabland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.(8) Ahirette ise onlar i\u00e7in ate\u015f azab\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/strong>
\n4- Bu, onlar\u0131n Allah’a ve O’nun Resul\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ‘ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131p ayr\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131’ dolay\u0131s\u0131ylad\u0131r. Kim Allah’a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131p-ayr\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsa, muhakkak Allah cezas\u0131 (ik\u00e2b\u0131) pek \u015fiddetli oland\u0131r.<\/strong>
\n5- Hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her neyi kesmi\u015fseniz veya k\u00f6kleri \u00fczerinde dimdik neyi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z, (bu) Allah’\u0131n izniyledir(9) ve fas\u0131k olanlar\u0131 al\u00e7altmas\u0131 i\u00e7indir.(10)<\/strong>
\n6- Onlardan Allah’\u0131n peygamberine verdi\u011fi “fey’e”(11) gelince, ki siz buna kar\u015f\u0131 (bunu elde etmek i\u00e7in) ne at, ne deve s\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz. Ancak Allah, kendi el\u00e7ilerini dilediklerinin \u00fcst\u00fcne musallat k\u0131lar. Allah, her \u015feye g\u00fc\u00e7 yetirendir.(12)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00c7IKLAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. “Elbette onlara d\u00fcnyada azabederdi.” Yani onlar\u0131n izlerini bile yok ederdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bar\u0131\u015f yapmak suretiyle canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmam\u0131\u015f olsalard\u0131, erkekleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 k\u00f6le ve cariye olarak al\u0131nacak, sonu\u00e7ta onlar\u0131 fidye vererek kurtaran bile kalmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

9. Bu, ku\u015fatma ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Benu Nadir’in yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesi etraf\u0131ndaki askeri bir harek\u00e2t\u0131 engelliyen baz\u0131 hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesine ve yak\u0131lmas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Asker\u00ee harek\u00e2ta mani olmayan a\u011fa\u00e7lara ise ili\u015filmemi\u015ftir. Medine’deki m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131, Benu Kurayza ve Benu Nadir’in “Muhammed arz\u0131 ifsat etmeyi yasakl\u0131yor ama, kendisi bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmekle as\u0131l, arzda fesad \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor” demeleri \u00fczerine, bu ayet nazil olmu\u015ftur: “Hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan herhangi bir \u015feyi kesmeniz yahut k\u00f6kleri \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakman\u0131z, hep Allah’\u0131n izniyledir.” Bu Ayet-i Kerimeden, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 zarur\u00ee tahribat\u0131n arz\u0131 ifsat etmek olmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde \u015fer’\u00ee bir h\u00fck\u00fcm elde edilmektedir. Arz\u0131 ifsat etmek ise bir ordunun d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fclkesine girdi\u011finde tarlalar\u0131, ba\u011flar\u0131 ve evleri yak\u0131p y\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda Hz. Ebu Bekir’in (r.a) \u015eam’a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi orduya verdi\u011fi emirler, umumi kaide mahiyetindedirler. “Meyveli a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmeyin, tarlalar\u0131 harap etmeyin ve yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerini virana \u00e7evirmeyin”. Bu, Kur’an’\u0131n talimat\u0131na tamam\u0131yla uygundur. Kur’an bu konudaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kimseleri \u015f\u00f6yle tarif eder: “Onlar iktidar\u0131 ellerine ge\u00e7irdiklerinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk yapmaya, ekin ve nesli yok etmeye ba\u015flarlar.”<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kan bir di\u011fer \u00f6zel h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, \u015fayet sava\u015f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tahribat\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunluysa yapmak caizdir. \u0130bn Mesud, yukar\u0131daki ayeti \u015f\u00f6yle izah etmi\u015ftir: “M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Benu Nadir’in sadece sava\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015flerdir.” (Tefsir-i Nisabur\u00ee) . Baz\u0131 fakihler bu \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne almadan, “Benu Nadir’in a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kesmek sadece o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Umumiyet ifade etmez” demi\u015flerdir. Nitekim, \u0130mam Evzai, \u0130mam Leys ve Ebu Sevr bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedirler. Ancak Fukaha’n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (Cumhur) , sava\u015f nedeniyle bu \u015fekilde davranman\u0131n caiz oldu\u011fu, ama gereksiz yere tahrip etmenin ise caiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler.
\nBu noktada, Kur’an’\u0131n bu ayetinin belki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 tatmin edebilece\u011fi, ama Kur’an’a AIlah’\u0131n kelam\u0131 olarak iman etmeyenlerin, bu iki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n her ikisinin de caiz oldu\u011funu bildiren bir cevaptan tatmin olmayacaklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bu mesele \u015fu \u015fekilde izah edilebilir: Kur’an’\u0131n bu ayeti zaten kafirleri de\u011fil M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 tatmin etmek i\u00e7in nazil olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yahudilerin ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n itirazlar\u0131 nedeniyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, b\u00f6yle davranmakla ger\u00e7ekten arz\u0131 ifsat m\u0131 etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 konusunda ku\u015fkuya kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Allah, sava\u015f nedeniyle baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmenin veya mani te\u015fkil etmeyen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ise kesmemenin, yani her iki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n da ilahi yasaya uygun oldu\u011funu bildirerek, m\u00fcminlerin kalplerinin mutmain olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmeyi Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.) mi emretti\u011fi, yoksa sahabenin mi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kestikten sonra Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a.) sordu\u011fu konusunda muhaddislerin nakletti\u011fi rivayetler \u00e7eli\u015fkilidir. \u0130bn \u00d6mer’den rivayet olundu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu (a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme i\u015fi) Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.) emriyle vuku bulmu\u015ftur. (Buhari, M\u00fcslim M\u00fcsned-i Ahmed, \u0130bn Cerir) Ayr\u0131ca Yezid bin Ruman’da ayn\u0131 rivayeti nakleder (\u0130bn Cerir) . Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn aksine M\u00fccahid ve Katade’den nakledilen rivayete g\u00f6re M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu i\u015fi kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na yapm\u0131\u015flar ve daha sonra bu i\u015fin yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kesilmesi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da kesilmemesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeydiler. Sonu\u00e7ta Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 bu ayeti nazil ederek her ikisinin de do\u011fru oldu\u011funu teyid etmi\u015ftir. (\u0130bn Cerir) . Bunu, \u0130bn Abbas’tan nakledilen bir rivayet de desteklemektedir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kalplerinde “Baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kestik, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ise b\u0131rakt\u0131k. Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a.) hangisinin m\u00fckafat\u0131, hangisinin cezay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini sormal\u0131y\u0131z” \u015feklinde baz\u0131 ku\u015fkular do\u011fmu\u015ftu. (Nese\u00ee) Fukaha’dan ilk rivayetle istidlal edenler, bu i\u015fin Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.) ictihad\u0131yla vuku buldu\u011funu ve sonradan Allah’\u0131n onu Vahy-i Cel\u00ee ile teyid etti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bundan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bir hususta Allah’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir emri yoksa, Hz. Peygamber’in kendisi ictihad ediyordu. \u0130kinci rivayetle istidlal eden fakihler ise, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan iki grubun ictihat edip, ayr\u0131 yollar izledi\u011fi ve sonradan Allah’\u0131n her iki grubu da teyid etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Bundan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, iyi niyetle ictihad eden alimler, ayr\u0131 yollar izleseler ve farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fsalar dahi, her iki grupta Allah’\u0131n kanununa g\u00f6re hak \u00fczeredir.<\/p>\n

10. Allah bu ifadeyle, kendi elleriyle uzun bir s\u00fcrede yeti\u015ftirdikleri ve sahibi olduklar\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 keserek veya kesmeyerek onlar\u0131 zelil etti\u011fini kastetmektedir. O a\u011fa\u00e7lar g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde kesilirken, onlar\u0131n buna engel olabilme g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Oysa s\u0131radan bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i veya ba\u011f-bah\u00e7e sahibi bile bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n kendi tarlas\u0131na el uzatmas\u0131na tahamm\u00fcl edemeyip, o kimseyi engellemek i\u00e7in can\u0131n\u0131 dahi feda eder. Engelleyemezse bile, bunu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede zillet ve zaaf olarak niteler. Ancak burada s\u00f6z konusu olan, as\u0131rlard\u0131r o topraklar\u0131n sahibi olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kabiledir. Ve onlar, kom\u015fular\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131na h\u00fccum edip, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 keserlerken, \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7inde bak\u0131yorlar ve ellerinden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey gelmiyordu. Bu olaydan sonra onlar Medine’den \u00e7\u0131kmasayd\u0131lar dahi, hi\u00e7bir \u015feref ve haysiyetleri olmayacakt\u0131. Gelelim, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n kesilmemesi ile onlar\u0131n zillete d\u00fc\u015fmeleri aras\u0131nda ne gibi bir ili\u015fkinin bulundu\u011funa!… Onlar Medine’yi terkederken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ellerine ge\u00e7en ba\u011flar\u0131na ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na hasret ile bak\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle bir halde idiler ki, e\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7 bulsalar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7memesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir a\u011fa\u00e7 bile b\u0131rakmazlard\u0131. Fakat \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7inde ve hasretle ba\u011flar\u0131na bakarak, onlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.
\n11. Burada, Benu Nadir’den al\u0131n\u0131p, \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti’nin eline ge\u00e7en mal ve m\u00fclk hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler vazedilmi\u015ftir. 7. ayetten 10. ayete kadar elege\u00e7en m\u00fclk\u00fcn nas\u0131l idare edilece\u011fi anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; zira ilk kez bir b\u00f6lge \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti’nin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ve gelecekte de daha pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lge \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti’nin y\u00f6netimine dahil olacakt\u0131. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nce fethedilen arazi hakk\u0131ndaki yasa a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada “Allah’\u0131n o \u00fclke halk\u0131ndan Ras\u00fbl\u00fc’ne devretti\u011fi (…) ” \u015feklindeki ifadeye dikkat etmek gerekir. Bu ifadeden s\u00f6z konusu toprak ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn, Allah’a isyan edenlerin hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u015eayet onlar\u0131n tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaysa, onlar sahibinin elinden mal\u0131n\u0131 alan hain memurlar gibidirler. T\u00fcm bu mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek sahibi, alemlerin Rabbi Allah’a itaat eden ve O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131na uygun kullanan kimseler, yani m\u00fcmin ve salihlerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn kafirlerin elinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesinin anlam\u0131, bu mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek sahibi olan Allah’\u0131n, hain memurlar\u0131n elinden bunlar\u0131 al\u0131p, d\u00fcr\u00fcst memurlar\u0131na devretmesi demektir. Bu bak\u0131mdan bu t\u00fcr mal ve m\u00fclke, \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukuku Literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde, “Fey” (Devredilen mallar) denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

12. Yani, bu mal ve m\u00fclk, askerlerin sava\u015farak ellerine ge\u00e7irdikleri t\u00fcrden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in askerler aras\u0131nda taksim edilemez. Bu, Allah’\u0131n l\u00fctfuyla Peygamberlerine devretti\u011fi mallardand\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m nizam\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi olan Peygamberini kafirler \u00fczerinde galip k\u0131larak, ona bu mallar\u0131 devretmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle bu mal ve m\u00fclk, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman askerlerin \u00e7abas\u0131yla al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah bu mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fc, Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a.) , \u00fcmmetine, ve O’nun ikame etti\u011fi nizama bizzat verdi\u011finden dolay\u0131, bunun keyfiyeti ganimetten farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Askerlerin aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fabilecekleri t\u00fcrden de de\u011fildir.
\nBu bak\u0131mdan \u0130sl\u00e2m kanunlar\u0131nda Fey ve Ganimet’e ait h\u00fck\u00fcmler de\u011fi\u015fiktir. Ganimet ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm Enfal: 41’de a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani ganimetin be\u015fte biri, ayette beyan edildi\u011fi gibi sarfedilmek \u00fczere Beyt-ul Mal’a verilir. Be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fc ise askerler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Fey ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm, onun askerler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Fey daha ileride beyan edilecek olan yerlere sarfedilir. Bu iki h\u00fck\u00fcm aras\u0131ndaki fark, “Onun \u00fczerine ne at, ne de deve s\u00fcrmediniz” ifadesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ayetteki at ve deve s\u00fcrmemekten kastolunan, fiili bir sava\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fiili sava\u015f sonunda ele ge\u00e7en mal ganimet, fiili sava\u015f yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ele ge\u00e7en mallarsa fey h\u00fckm\u00fcne girer.<\/p>\n

Fey ve ganimet aras\u0131ndaki fark, s\u00f6z konusu ayetlerde beyan edilmi\u015fse de, \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 bu meselenin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na da girmi\u015flerdir. Onlara g\u00f6re ganimet, sadece sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 ordudaki askerlerden ele ge\u00e7en menkul mallard\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mallar, yani ele ge\u00e7en \u00fclkenin topra\u011f\u0131, evleri, menkul ve gayrimenkul mallar\u0131, ganimet kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Hz. Ali’nin Sa’d bin Ebu Vakkas’a Irak’\u0131n fethinden sonra yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir mektuptan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Ali bu mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: “Askerlerinizin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir mal\u0131 onlar aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131n. Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fletmekte olduklar\u0131 arazi ve kanallar\u0131 ise, kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131n. Bunlardan al\u0131nan gelir ise askerlerin alaca\u011f\u0131 maa\u015f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olsun” (Kitab’ul-Hara\u00e7 Ebu Yusuf, sh: 24, Kitab’ul-Emval, Ebu Ubeyd, sh. 59, Kitab’ul-Hara\u00e7, Yahya bin Adem sh. 27-28, 48) . Bu esastan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Hasan Basri, “D\u00fc\u015fmandan ele ge\u00e7en her hangi bir mal askerin, araziler ise t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r.” (Kitab’ul-Hara\u00e7, Yahya bin Adem, sh. 27) . \u0130mam Yusuf’a g\u00f6re, d\u00fc\u015fmandan ele ge\u00e7irilen herhangi bir mal (silah, hayvanlar, vs.) ganimettir. Be\u015fte biri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fc askerler aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r” (Kitab’ul-Hara\u00e7 sh. 18) Ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe Yahya bin Adem de kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (Kitab’ul-Hara\u00e7, sh. 27) Fey ile ganimet aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 vurgulayan olaylardan bir di\u011feri de \u015fudur: Nihavend Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda -ki o zaman \u0130ran, \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti’nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftu- ganimet mallar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra Sahib bin Akra isimli bir \u015fah\u0131s iki torba dolusu m\u00fccevher bulur. Kalbinde, bunun askerler aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ganimet mi, yoksa Beyt’ul-Mal’a kalacak olan fey mi oldu\u011fu konusunda bir \u015f\u00fcphe do\u011fdu\u011fundan, Medine’ye gelerek, bu meseleyi Hz. \u00d6mer’e arzeder. Hz. \u00d6mer de bu m\u00fccevherlerin sat\u0131larak, paras\u0131n\u0131n Beyt’ul-Mal’a devredilmesine karar verir. Bu hadiseden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ganimet, sadece sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda askerlerin eline ge\u00e7en mallard\u0131r. Sava\u015f bitiminde ele ge\u00e7en mallar, t\u0131pk\u0131 gayri menkuller gibi fey h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. \u0130mam Ebu Ubeyde’ye g\u00f6re, sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmandan zorla al\u0131nan herhangi bir mal ganimettir. Sava\u015f bitiminde Dar’ul-\u0130sl\u00e2m’a dahil olan o \u00fclkede ele ge\u00e7en her malda feydir ve o Dar’ul-\u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerinin vakf\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ona humus yoktur. (Kitab’ul-Emval sh. 254) .<\/p>\n

Ganimet bu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara intikal etmi\u015f olan gerideki t\u00fcm mal, m\u00fclk ve arazi iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131labilir:
\na) Sava\u015fmak suretiyle fetholunan \u00fclkelerden ele ge\u00e7enler.<\/p>\n

b) Bar\u0131\u015f yoluyla (Bu bar\u0131\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n askeri, ruhi vs. g\u00fc\u00e7leri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olabilir) teslim olan \u00fclkelerden ele ge\u00e7enler.
\n\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf, birinci k\u0131s\u0131m mallar hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131sma gelince, bu t\u00fcr mallar\u0131n fey oldu\u011fu hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi vard\u0131r, zira bunun h\u00fckm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a beyan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lerideki sayfalarda birinci k\u0131s\u0131m ile ilgili \u015fer’\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun 3- E\u011fer Allah, onlara s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc yazmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, muhakkak onlar\u0131 (yine) d\u00fcnyada azabland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.(8) Ahirette ise onlar i\u00e7in ate\u015f azab\u0131 vard\u0131r. 4- Bu, onlar\u0131n Allah’a ve O’nun Resul\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"yoast_head":"\nEBU\u2019L A\u2019L\u00c2 MEVDUD\u0130\u2019N\u0130N (RH.A.) 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