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og i3{"id":28915,"date":"2023-04-05T15:12:02","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T12:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=28915"},"modified":"2023-04-05T15:12:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T12:12:02","slug":"kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-63-irtidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-63-irtidad\/","title":{"rendered":"KEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (63) \u0130RT\u0130DAD"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130RT\u0130DAD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dinden d\u00f6nme, hak dini terk etme. Terim olarak bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini terketmesine veya ba\u015fka bir dine d\u00f6nmesine irtidad veya ridde denir. \u0130rtidad eden kimseye de m\u00fcrted (dinden d\u00f6nen) ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m dini temelde din ve vicdan h\u00fcrriyetine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden hi\u00e7 kimse m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmaya zorlanamaz. Kur’an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulur: “Dinde zorlama yoktur. Art\u0131k hak bat\u0131ldan se\u00e7ilip belli olmu\u015ftur. Kim ta\u011futu ink\u00e2r edip Allah’a iman ederse, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki o, kopmayan sa\u011flam bir kulpa sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Allah her \u015feyi i\u015fiten ve her \u015feyi bilendir” (el-Bakara, 2\/256). Kendi h\u00fcr iradesiyle m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan kimsenin ise art\u0131k \u0130sl\u00e2m dininin esaslar\u0131na uymas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda m\u00fcrtedle ilgili ceza ve bir tak\u0131m h\u00fck\u00fcmler vard\u0131r. Ayetlerde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur: “\u0130\u00e7inizden dininden d\u00f6n\u00fcp k\u00e2fir olarak \u00f6len olursa bunlar\u0131n i\u015fleri d\u00fcnya ve ahirette bo\u015fa gitmi\u015f olur \u0130\u015fte cehennemlikler onlard\u0131r. Onlar orada remelli kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar” (el-Bakara, 2\/217). Bu ayet-i Kerime irtidad eden kimsenin ahiretteki cezas\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Amellerin de bo\u015fa gidece\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yle bildirilir: “\u0130nk\u00e2r edip k\u00e2fir olarak \u00f6lenlerin hi\u00e7 birinden, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc dolduracak kadar alt\u0131n fidye verseler bile kabul olunmayacakt\u0131r. Onlar i\u00e7in can yak\u0131c\u0131 bir azap vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n bir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da yoktur (Alu \u0130mr\u00e2n, 3\/91).[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130man sahibi olduktan sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131 terkedenlerin d\u00fcnya ve ahirette kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 tehlikeleri haber veren pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yet vard\u0131r:
\n“Sizden, kim dininden d\u00f6ner ve k\u00e2fir olarak \u00f6l\u00fcrse, i\u015fte onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya ve ahirette amelleri bo\u015fa gitmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte cehennemlikler onlard\u0131r Onlar, orada ebed\u00ee olarak kalacaklard\u0131r” (Bakara\/217).<\/p>\n

“\u0130man ettikten, Peygamber’in hak oldu\u011funa \u015fahitlik ettikten ve kendilerine a\u00e7\u0131k deliller geldikten sonra ink\u00e2r eden bir kavmi, Allah nas\u0131l hid\u00e2yete erdirir? Allah zalim kavmi hidayete erdirmez \u0130ste bunlar\u0131n cezas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n, meleklerin ve b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n l\u00e2netinin \u00fczerlerine olmas\u0131d\u0131r O l\u00e2net i\u00e7inde ebed\u00ee olarak kalacaklard\u0131r Onlardan azap hafifletilmez ve kendilerine rahmet nazar\u0131yla bak\u0131lmaz Ancak bundan sonra tevbe edip \u0131sl\u00e2h olanlar m\u00fcstesnad\u0131r \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah, “Gaf\u00fbr’dur, Rah\u00eem’dir” \u00c7ok affedici ve \u00e7ok merhametlidir \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki iman ettikten sonra ink\u00e2r eden sonra da ink\u00e2rda ileri gidenlerin t\u00f6vbeleri asla kabul edilmeyecektir Onlar i\u00e7in can yak\u0131c\u0131 bir azap vard\u0131r Onlar\u0131n bir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da yoktur” (\u00c2lu \u0130mr\u00e2n, 3\/86-91);<\/p>\n

“O g\u00fcn nice y\u00fczler a\u011far\u0131r, nice y\u00fczler karar\u0131r. O zaman y\u00fczleri kara olanlara; m\u00fcmin olduktan sonra dinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131z ha! O halde ink\u00e2r etti\u011finizden dolay\u0131 tad\u0131n azab\u0131, denir” (Alu \u0130mr\u00e2n, 3\/106).<\/p>\n

“Do\u011frusu inan\u0131p, sonra k\u00fcfredenler, sonra inan\u0131p tekrar k\u00fcfredenler, sonra da k\u00fcf\u00fcrleri artm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 Allah ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamayacakt\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 do\u011fru yola da eri\u015ftirmeyecektir” (en-Nis\u00e2, 4\/1 37).<\/p>\n

“Kim, kendisine do\u011fru yol apa\u00e7\u0131k belli olduktan sonra Peygamber’e kar\u015f\u0131 gelir, m\u00fcminlerin yolundan ba\u015fkas\u0131na uyup giderse, onu d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yolda b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131z. Kendisini cehenneme koyar\u0131z. Ne k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yeridir oras\u0131” (en-Nis\u00e2, 4\/115).<\/p>\n

“Ey iman edenler, sizden kim dininden d\u00f6nerse, bilsin ki Allah onlar\u0131n yerine, kendisinin onlar\u0131, onlar\u0131n da kendisini sevdi\u011fi, m\u00fcminlere kar\u015f\u0131 al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc, k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 ise g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u015ferefli olan, Allah yolunda cihat eden ve k\u0131nayan\u0131n k\u0131namas\u0131ndan korkmayan bir kavim getirir. \u0130\u015fte bu, Allah’\u0131n bir l\u00fctfudur. Onu diledi\u011fine verir. Allah, geni\u015f ihsan sahibidir. Her \u015feyi \u00e7ok iyi bilendir” (el-M\u00e2ide, 5\/54).<\/p>\n

“Kalbi imanla dolu oldu\u011fu halde, ink\u00e2ra zorlanan h\u00e2ri\u00e7, kim iman ettikten sonra, Allah’\u0131 ink\u00e2r eder, kalbini ink\u00e2ra a\u00e7\u0131k tutarsa, Allah’\u0131n gazab\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. Bunlara b\u00fcy\u00fck bir azap da vard\u0131r” (en-Nahl, 16\/106).<\/p>\n

\u0130rtidad, bir bak\u0131ma \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumuna ve devletine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f kald\u0131rma, ciddi bir isyanda bulunma hareketidir. Bu y\u00fczden m\u00fcrtede uygulanacak m\u00fceyyideler a\u011f\u0131r tutulmu\u015ftur. Hadisler de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulur:<\/p>\n

“Kim dininden d\u00f6nerse, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn”[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

“M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kimsenin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ancak su \u00fc\u00e7 sebepten biriyle hel\u00e2l olur: \u0130mandan sonra dinden \u00e7\u0131kma, evlilikten sonra zina, haks\u0131z yere birini kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme”[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde irtidad y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7ok rahat bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6zde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen bir ki\u015fi Allah\u2019\u0131n herhangi bir emrini be\u011fenmedi\u011fini \u00e7ok rahat bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6yleyebiliyor. Bunu s\u00f6ylerken de hi\u00e7bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissetmeden bu imana zarar vermeyecek bir meseleymi\u015f gibi bakabiliyor. Bunun alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli sebepler yatmakla beraber as\u0131l sorun \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019 kimli\u011finden s\u0131yr\u0131lmakt\u0131r. Bu da bat\u0131ya \u00f6zendirme m\u00fc\u015friklerin, Yahudilerin vs. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu iddia edenlerin hakk\u0131nda karar vermesiyle, bu zavall\u0131lar\u0131n da boyun e\u011fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele her M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n g\u00f6revidir. Tevhidin evvela ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fanmas\u0131na sebep olmak i\u00e7in donan\u0131ml\u0131 bir birey haline gelmek, insanlar\u0131n bozuk inan\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00e7are olacak ilmi aktar\u0131mlarda bulunulmas\u0131, onlara hesap g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fuuru verilmesi. H\u00fclasa Allah Resul\u00fc (sav) bu ak\u0131ma nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ysa \u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak. Zira Ebubekir (ra)\u2019\u0131n irtidad edenlerle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fccadele ak\u0131llardan \u00e7\u0131kmayacak bir hadisedir. Bu ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi kendisine soruldu\u011funda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu cevaplar\u0131n hepsi, Peygamber (sav)\u2019in uygulamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bariz ifadesidir.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u015eamil \u0130A<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cihad, 148; \u0130’tis\u00e2m, 28<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Diy\u00e2t, 6, Kas\u00e2me, 25, 26<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130RT\u0130DAD Dinden d\u00f6nme, hak dini terk etme. Terim olarak bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini terketmesine veya ba\u015fka bir dine d\u00f6nmesine irtidad veya ridde denir. \u0130rtidad eden kimseye de m\u00fcrted (dinden d\u00f6nen) ad\u0131 verilir. \u0130sl\u00e2m dini temelde din ve vicdan h\u00fcrriyetine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden hi\u00e7 kimse m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmaya zorlanamaz. Kur’an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulur: “Dinde zorlama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":28916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-kelimeler-ve-kavramlar"],"yoast_head":"\nKEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (63) \u0130RT\u0130DAD Nedir? • Ebrar Medya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-63-irtidad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (63) \u0130RT\u0130DAD Nedir? • Ebrar Medya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130RT\u0130DAD Dinden d\u00f6nme, hak dini terk etme. 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