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30 Lb{"id":34398,"date":"2023-12-27T10:15:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T07:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=34398"},"modified":"2023-12-27T10:15:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T07:15:41","slug":"kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-101-tasavvuf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-101-tasavvuf\/","title":{"rendered":"KEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (101) TASAVVUF"},"content":{"rendered":"

TASAVVUF<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf kelimesi, i\u015faret ve mana ehline g\u00f6re safa ve vefa kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Safa; beden ve ruh temizli\u011fidir, \u00f6zl\u00fck ve se\u00e7kinlik demektir. Vefa; s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmak, g\u00fcvenilir olmak sevgiyi ve dostlu\u011fu t\u00fcm zaman ve zeminlere ebedi k\u0131lmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O halde tasavvuf, \u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fc bir temiz ve ruhen se\u00e7kin kullar\u0131n yaradana duyduklar\u0131 sars\u0131lmaz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve sevgidir. Bu sevgi, yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131landa da bulacakt\u0131r. Tasavvuf, bir yerde seven sevdirten ho\u015f g\u00f6ren ve zulme u\u011frayan\u0131 koruyan, zalime de ba\u015fkald\u0131rand\u0131r. Zira mutasavv\u0131f\u00a0 Rab Teala\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. O\u2019na s\u00f6z\u00fc vard\u0131r. Zalim ise insanlar\u0131 ezerek Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 gelmektedir. O halde mutasavv\u0131fla zalim aras\u0131nda tam bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Safa ve vefa; zul\u00fcm ve cefan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ehl-i s\u00fcnnet ulemas\u0131 tasavvufu; \u015feri hududlar\u0131 muhafaza ederek Allahu Teala\u2019y\u0131 zikirdem\u00fcdavim olmak ve r\u0131za makam\u0131na ula\u015fmak olarak kabul ve tavsiye etmi\u015ftir.
\nRasul-i Ekrem (sav)\u2019in; \u201cMuhakkak ki ben muallim olarak g\u00f6nderildim\u201d.[2]<\/a> Buyurmas\u0131ndaki hikmeti iyi tefekk\u00fcr etmeliyiz. S\u0131rat-\u0131 m\u00fcstakim \u00fczerinde olmak d\u00fcnyevi-uhrevi saadetlere ula\u015fmak, ancak Rasul-i Ekrem (sav)\u2019i taklit etmekle olur. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de; \u201cBir de peygamber size ne verdiyse (her ne emir verirse) onu tutun, nehyetti\u011finden de sak\u0131n\u0131n\u201d(Ha\u015fr\/7) buyurmu\u015ftur.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde tasavvufun temel niteli\u011fi madd\u00ee de\u011ferlerden y\u00fcz \u00e7evirerek kat\u0131ks\u0131z bir din\u00ee hayat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle z\u00fchdt\u00fcr. Hz. Muhammed ve ashab\u0131n\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi saf dindarl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ahlaki sorumluluk bilinci, \u0130slam’\u0131n ilk y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen z\u00fchd hareketinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu. Emeviler d\u00f6neminde y\u00f6neticilerin d\u00fcnyasal ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 l\u00fcks ve zevk ortam\u0131na duyduklar\u0131 tepki, ilk zahidleri, Haric\u00eelerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 anar\u015finin de etkisiyle toplumdan uzakla\u015farak (uzlet) bireysel bir din\u00ee hayata y\u00f6neltti. Bu hayat bi\u00e7imi zamanla tevekk\u00fcl (her durumda Allah’a g\u00fcvenme, dayanma), riyazet ve m\u00fccahede (nefsin ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ilecilik ve s\u0131k\u0131 bir ibadet), sab\u0131r (belalar\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl ho\u015fnutlu\u011fu ile kabullenme, s\u0131zlanmadan katlanma), ha\u015fyetullah (Allah korkusu), a\u015fk (Allah’a duyulan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sevgi), vera (g\u00fcnahlardan ve g\u00fcnah ku\u015fkusu ta\u015f\u0131yan \u015feylerden uzakla\u015fma), h\u00fcz\u00fcn (ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan i\u015f ve davran\u0131\u015flardan dolay\u0131 duyulan endi\u015fe) gibi \u00f6\u011felerle beslenerek zenginle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Z\u00fchd d\u00f6neminin mutasavv\u0131flar\u0131na zahid deniliyordu. Bununla birlikte abid (kulluk eden), nasik (boyun e\u011fen, ibadet eden), kurra (okuyan, kendini ibadete veren), bekk\u00e2un (Allah a\u015fk\u0131yla a\u011flayanlar), haifun (Allah’tan korkanlar) gibi adlarla da an\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sonraki d\u00f6nemde gelecek olan mutasavv\u0131flar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olan zahidlerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca temsilcileri \u015funlard\u0131: Veysel Karan\u00ee (\u00f6. 37\/657), Hasan Basr\u00ee (\u00f6.110\/728), \u0130brahim bin Edhem (\u00f6. 161\/777), Fudayl bin \u0130yaz (\u00f6. 187\/802), Davut Ta\u00ee (\u00f6. 165\/781), \u015eakik Belh\u00ee (\u00f6. 164\/7803, Cafer Sad\u0131k (\u00f6. 148\/769), S\u00fcfyan Sevr\u00ee (\u00f6. 161\/777), Abdullah bin M\u00fcbarek (\u00f6. 181\/797) ve Rabiatu’l-Adeviye (\u00f6. 185\/801).<\/p>\n

Hicri III. (M. IX.) y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak tasavvuf sistemle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girdi. Ne ki bu sistemle\u015fme, z\u00fchd d\u00f6nemine oranla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 da beraberinde getirdi. Bir yandan tasavvufun ilke, kural ve y\u00f6ntemleri belirlenirken, di\u011fer yandan da Hristiyan, Yahudi, eski Yunan, Hind ve \u0130ran geleneklerinin, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini ta\u015f\u0131yan kurumlar geli\u015ftirildi. Allah’a do\u011fru yap\u0131lan ruhsal bir yolculuk bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlanan tasavvufi ya\u015fant\u0131n\u0131n duraklar\u0131 (makam), ilah\u00ee durumlar (haller) tesbit edildi, nihayet fena (be\u015feri niteliklerin ilah\u00ee niteliklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi kuram\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bunu, peygamberlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131n bir velilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Hatem\u00fc’l-Enbiya’ya (peygamberlerin sonuncusu) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Hatem\u00fc’l-Evliya (velilerin sonuncusu) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve inanc\u0131 izledi. Sistemle\u015fen tasavvuf anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re peygamberler Allah’tan ancak bir melek arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bilgi alabilirken veliler do\u011frudan, arac\u0131s\u0131z olarak bilgi (ilham) al\u0131yordu. Ger\u00e7ek bilim (marifet), Allah’tan do\u011frudan al\u0131nan bilgiden olu\u015fand\u0131. Evren varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini bir veliler y\u00f6netimine (ricalu’lgayb) bor\u00e7luydu. Allah, b\u00fct\u00fcn isim ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla velide (insan-\u0131 kamil) tecelli ediyor, onun a\u011fz\u0131ndan konu\u015fuyordu (\u015fatahat).<\/p>\n

Tasavvufun kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bi\u00e7im \u0130slam hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetli bir ele\u015ftiriye tabi tutuldu. Kimi mutasavv\u0131flar z\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131kla su\u00e7lanarak s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, hapsedildi, kimileri de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yeni tasavvuf anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek t\u00fcm\u00fcyle felsefi bir niteli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc. Muhyiddin \u0130bn Arab\u00ee (\u00f6. 637\/1239) ile birlikte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birli\u011fi (vahdet-i v\u00fccud) \u00f6\u011fretisi \u00fczerine kurulan felsefi bir sistem durumuna geldi.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok kavram gibi tasavvufta i\u00e7i yanl\u0131\u015f doldurulan bir kavramd\u0131r. Allah\u2019a \u015firk ko\u015fanlar kesinlikle mutasavv\u0131f olamazlar, tasavvufla bir ba\u011flar\u0131 yoktur. Tasavvuf, Allah\u2019\u0131n yetkilerini ba\u015fkas\u0131na vermeyenlerin ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir kavramd\u0131r. Yoksa Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan yard\u0131m isteyenlerin, Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na kulluk edenlerin mutasavv\u0131f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmeleri zavall\u0131 duruma d\u00fc\u015fmelerinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Tasavvufun asl\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu bizi sahabeye ve onlara tabi olanlara g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir. U\u00e7tu, ka\u00e7t\u0131, okudu, \u00fcfledi ile tasavvuf kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa sadece tasaavuftan de\u011fil \u0130slam\u2019dan da uzakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunur.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ebu Nuaym \u2013 Hilyetu\u2019l Evliya c. Sh 66-67 \u015eule Yay. 2002 \u0130st<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u0130bn Mace el-Kazvini, S\u00fcnen-i \u0130bn Mace \u0130st 1401 \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 yay. C1 sh,83 hd.no:224<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Y.Kerimo\u011flu \u2013 Kelimeler \u2013 Kavramlar\/Tasavvuf<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u015eamil \u0130A<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TASAVVUF Tasavvuf kelimesi, i\u015faret ve mana ehline g\u00f6re safa ve vefa kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Safa; beden ve ruh temizli\u011fidir, \u00f6zl\u00fck ve se\u00e7kinlik demektir. Vefa; s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmak, g\u00fcvenilir olmak sevgiyi ve dostlu\u011fu t\u00fcm zaman ve zeminlere ebedi k\u0131lmakt\u0131r. O halde tasavvuf, \u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fc bir temiz ve ruhen se\u00e7kin kullar\u0131n yaradana duyduklar\u0131 sars\u0131lmaz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve sevgidir. Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":34400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-kelimeler-ve-kavramlar"],"yoast_head":"\nKEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (101) TASAVVUF Nedir? • Ebrar Medya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/kelimeler-ve-kavramlar-101-tasavvuf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KEL\u0130MELER VE KAVRAMLAR (101) TASAVVUF Nedir? • Ebrar Medya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TASAVVUF Tasavvuf kelimesi, i\u015faret ve mana ehline g\u00f6re safa ve vefa kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Safa; beden ve ruh temizli\u011fidir, \u00f6zl\u00fck ve se\u00e7kinlik demektir. Vefa; s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmak, g\u00fcvenilir olmak sevgiyi ve dostlu\u011fu t\u00fcm zaman ve zeminlere ebedi k\u0131lmakt\u0131r. O halde tasavvuf, \u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fc bir temiz ve ruhen se\u00e7kin kullar\u0131n yaradana duyduklar\u0131 sars\u0131lmaz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve sevgidir. 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