{"id":39731,"date":"2024-08-23T12:33:18","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T09:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=39731"},"modified":"2024-08-23T12:33:18","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T09:33:18","slug":"icma-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/icma-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130CM\u00c2-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan\u00a0Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine\u00a0olsun<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130CMA KANUN-T\u00dcZ\u00dcK-Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K VE KARARLARIN KAYNA\u011eIDIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fbmetin anayasal \u015fekli, bi\u00e7imi ne olursa olsun ceza kanunlar\u0131, kanun yapmaya yetkili makamlar\u0131n, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. Mesel\u00e2 bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, M\u0131s\u0131r’da parlamentodan \u00e7\u0131karsa Kanun ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Parlamentoya sunulmadan, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcmler konulursa bunlar, M\u0131s\u0131r Anayasas\u0131 md.41 e g\u00f6re Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararn\u00e2me olarak isimlendirilir. Her iki durumda da parlamentonun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan o h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kabul\u00fc gerekir. \u00c7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilirse, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 emreder ve vatanda\u015flar hakk\u0131nda ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelir. B\u00f6ylece kanunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, m\u00fczakerelerle ilgili kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, ya nisbi \u00e7o\u011funluk, yahut mutlak \u00e7o\u011funluktur. Ancak kanunlar ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bu ittifaktan, mecliste \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabul edili\u015finden de\u011fil, kanunun ne\u015frini devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n emretmesinden ve kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymas\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir. \u0130\u015fte buradaki icm\u00e2 (ittifak) kesin de\u011fildir, zann\u00ee bir delildir.<\/p>\n

Kanunla tan\u0131nan yetkiye dayanarak id\u00e2r\u00ee ve mahall\u00ee makamlar, kanunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6netmelikler ve kararnameler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar ki, bunlar\u0131n da kay- na\u011f\u0131 kanunlarda oldu\u011fu gibi nisbi \u00e7o\u011funluktur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kanunla yay\u0131n hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nan devlet reisince yay\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir. Uygulama yetkisi ise, bu yetki kendisine verilene aittir. (272)<\/p>\n

\u0130SL\u00c2M HUKUKU A\u00c7ISINDAN KANUN-T\u00dcZ\u00dcK-Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K VE KARARLARIN DURUMU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kanun, t\u00fcz\u00fck, y\u00f6netmelik ve kararn\u00e2meler, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee te\u015fr\u00eein birer tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Zira \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku fert ve toplum yarar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ki\u015fi ve toplum yarar\u0131na olan hususlarda devlet yetkililerine kanun koyma, tedbirler alma hak- k\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. \u015eu halde her \u0130sl\u00e2m memleketinde yasama organ\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirince, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 serbest bir fiile ceza koyabilir. Yine kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirirse ve su\u00e7 ve ceza, ta’z\u00eer su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ta’z\u00eer cezas\u0131ndan ise (273) tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabilir. Kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde de ta’z\u00eer su\u00e7lar\u0131nda h\u00e2kimin yetkisini daralt\u0131p geni\u015fletebilir.<\/p>\n

Sarih d\u00een\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere, dinin temel ilkelerine ve \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olma- mak \u015fart\u0131yla yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanun, t\u00fcz\u00fck, y\u00f6netmelik ve kararlar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli ve kendilerine uyulmas\u0131 zorunludur. Aksi halde dinin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, genel ilkelerine ve dinin ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 ise, o kanun, t\u00fcz\u00fck, y\u00f6netmelik ve kurallar (ileride nesh konusunda da a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi) mutlak butlanla b\u00e2t\u0131ld\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez.<\/p>\n

\u0130SL\u00c2M HUKUKU \u0130CM\u00c2I HUKUK\u00ce KAYNAK YAPMADA TEK S\u0130STEM DE\u011e\u0130LD\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunu, hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n icm\u00e2ini bir hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131 k\u0131lan ye- g\u00e2ne hukuk sistemi oldu\u011funu san\u0131rlar. Bu fikir isabetli olmay\u0131p yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcs l\u00fcman olmayan \u00fclkelerde kanun yapmada yahut kanunun tatbikinde, onlar\u0131n temeli, toplumun ya da toplum temsilcilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kanunlar, yasama mec- lislerinde \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabul edilmeden yay\u0131nlanmaz. Hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun yahut h\u00e2kimlerin \u00e7o\u011funun \u00fczerinde ittifak etti\u011fi hukuk\u00ee nazariyeler de kanun\u00ee bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve destek olmasa da yine ilzam edici, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir kuvvet ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu kuvvetin kayna\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131daki nisbi \u00e7o\u011funluktur. Be\u015fer\u00ee kanunlar, h\u00e2kimler \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve aralar\u0131nda ihtilaf \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u00e2kimlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm vermeyi emreder. Mesel\u00e2 bir mahkeme \u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2kimden olu\u015fuyorsa, ikisinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle h\u00fck\u00fcm verilir. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme daireleri hukuki esaslar\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kabul\u00fcnde yahut h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, naslar\u0131n tefsirinde ihtilaf etti\u011finde, bir araya gelen bu dairelerin h\u00e2kimlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder, bu bir “Tevhid-i \u0130ctihad”d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, be\u015fer\u00ee kanunlar\u0131n icm\u00e2i kabul\u00fc demektir. Eksik icm\u00e2 hukuk kaidelerinin konulu\u015funun tefsir ve tatbiki- nin bir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc temsil etmektedir. (274)<\/p>\n

272) T\u00fcrk hukuk mevzuat\u0131nda hukukun kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bu kurallar\u0131n meydana geli\u015fi, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in bak. AY md. 87-90, 91, 115, 124. Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu md. 20\/4, Dan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu md.40\/4. (m).<\/p>\n

273) 191, f\u0131kra ve sonras\u0131na bak<\/p>\n

274) 1982 Anayasas\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir nisab belirtilmemi\u015fse, bir kanun i\u00e7in gerekli toplant\u0131 ve karar yeter say\u0131s\u0131 AY md. 96\/1 e g\u00f6re \u015f\u00f6yledir, “Anayasada, ba\u015fkaca bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcye tam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7te biri toplan\u0131r ve toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile karar verir. Ancak bu karar yeter say\u0131s\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00fcye tam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinin bir fazlas\u0131ndan az olamaz.”<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda Meclisin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 450 ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, buna g\u00f6re toplant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 150 olmakta, karar say\u0131s\u0131 ise 114 olmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kan bir kanun b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00fclke halk\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek Mahkemelerin \u0130ctihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Kararlar\u0131 da buna benzer \u015fekilde al\u0131n\u0131r, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00fcn mahkemeleri, h\u00e2kimleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bak, Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu, md.20\/4. Dan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu md.40\/4, (m).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan\u00a0Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine\u00a0olsun \u0130CMA KANUN-T\u00dcZ\u00dcK-Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K VE KARARLARIN KAYNA\u011eIDIR H\u00fck\u00fbmetin anayasal \u015fekli, bi\u00e7imi ne olursa olsun ceza kanunlar\u0131, kanun yapmaya yetkili makamlar\u0131n, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. Mesel\u00e2 bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, M\u0131s\u0131r’da parlamentodan \u00e7\u0131karsa Kanun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":39732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,251],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130CM\u00c2-2 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/icma-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130CM\u00c2-2 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan\u00a0Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine\u00a0olsun \u0130CMA KANUN-T\u00dcZ\u00dcK-Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K VE KARARLARIN KAYNA\u011eIDIR H\u00fck\u00fbmetin anayasal \u015fekli, bi\u00e7imi ne olursa olsun ceza kanunlar\u0131, kanun yapmaya yetkili makamlar\u0131n, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. 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Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine\u00a0olsun \u0130CMA KANUN-T\u00dcZ\u00dcK-Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K VE KARARLARIN KAYNA\u011eIDIR H\u00fck\u00fbmetin anayasal \u015fekli, bi\u00e7imi ne olursa olsun ceza kanunlar\u0131, kanun yapmaya yetkili makamlar\u0131n, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. 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